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It is well known that wind makes the cold air feel much colder as a result of
the wind-chill effect that is due to the increase in the convection heat transfer
coefficient with increasing air velocity. The wind-chill effect is usually
expressed in terms of the wind-chill factor, which is the difference between
the actual air temperature and the equivalent calm-air temperature. For
example, a wind-chill factor of 20C for an actual air temperature of 5C
means that the windy air at 5C feels as cold as the still air at 15C. In other
words, a person will lose as much heat to air at 5C with a wind-chill factor
of 20C as he or she would in calm air at 15C. For heat transfer purposes, a
standing man can be modeled as a 30-cm-diameter, 170-cm-long vertical
cylinder with both the top and bottom surfaces insulated and with the side
surface at an average temperature of 34C. For a convection heat transfer
coefficient of 15 W/m2 C, determine the rate of heat loss from this man by
convection in still air at 20C. What would your answer be if the convection
heat transfer coefficient is increased to 50 W/m2 C as a result of winds?
What is the wind-chill factor in this case?
A 0.2-L glass of water at 20C is to be cooled with ice to 5C. Determine how much
ice needs to be added to the water, in grams, if the ice is at 0C. Also, determine how
much water would be needed if the cooling is to be done with cold water at 0C. The
melting temperature and the heat of fusion of ice at atmospheric pressure are 0C
and 333.7 kJ/kg, respectively, and the density of water is 1 kg/L.
Plot the amount of ice that needs to be added to the water as a function of the ice
temperature in the range of 24C to 0C.
Water flows through a pipe at an average temperature of T = 50C. The inner and
outer radii of the pipe are r1 = 6 cm and r2 = 6.5 cm, respectively. The outer surface of
the pipe is wrapped with a thin electric heater that consumes 300 W per m length of
the pipe. The exposed surface of the heater is heavily insulated so that the entire heat
generated in the heater is transferred to the pipe. Heat is transferred from the inner
surface of the pipe to the water by convection with a heat transfer coefficient of h =
55 W/m2C. Assuming constant thermal conductivity and one-dimensional heat
transfer, express the mathematical formulation (the differential equation and the
boundary conditions) of the heat conduction in the pipe during steady operation. Do
not solve.
d 2 dT
r
0
dr
dr
BC 1, 2 T r1 T1 100 C ,
o
dT r2
k
qs
dr
1 1 qsr22
1
r1 r
T r2 101.5o C Rate of water heated from 20 to
100C
Q mC p T m
Q
4.84kg / h
C p T
dT ro
qs k
dr
qro2 2r
k
2
k ro r ro
2qro
qs 280 W / cm 2