Phonem

e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

sit, sun,
/s/
s, ss
cross
Context:
A boy goes for a walk. He sees a
snake. The snake says sss
snake.
Pronunciation:

/s/

snake

Touch your side teeth with the

sides of your tongue. Put your
tongue forward. Force air out
over the top of your tongue,
making a hissing sound. Do not
use your voice.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

//

apple, cat, pat

Context:
Abdul is eating an apple at the
park. An ant tickles his arm.
aaa ant.
Pronunciation:

//

ant

First practise the sound /e/.

Then open your mouth a little
more.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

tap, its, pot,

/t/
t
cat
Context:
Tom likes the song. He hits the
table ttt tap.
Pronunciation:

/t/

tap

Put your tongue just behind your

top teeth. Push air forward in
your mouth, Then quickly move
your tongue away. Do not use
your voice.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

//

ink, sit, pin

Context:
Ian visits a zoo. He sees an
iguana. He shouts iii-iguana.
Pronunciation:

//

iguan

Practise the sound /i:/. Open

your mouth a little more for //.
Do not spread your lips into a
smile. Pull your tongue down a

Phonem
e
(sound)

Grapheme
(letter/-s)

Words

/p/

pin, spin, tap

Context:
Peter has a pet parrot. The
parrot likes to eat p p p pizza.
Pronunciation:

/p/

pizza

Close your lips tight. Push air

forward in your mouth. Open
your lips quickly. Do not use
your voice.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

/m/

man, amp,
sum

Context:
Mick likes ice cream. He sees an
ice cream seller. He says
m..m..m.
Pronunciation:

/m/

man

Close your lips. Use your voice.

The sound /m/ comes through
your nose.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

/n/

nap, nut,
man, bent

Context:
Norman is pointing to his nose.
He smells with his nose. He says
n n n nose.
Pronunciation:

/n/

nose

Put the tip of your tongue on the

roof of your mouth just behind
your top teeth. Do not close your
lips. Use your voice. The sound
/n/ comes through your nose.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

/d/

dam, duck,
mad

Context:
Dilly likes music. He plays the
drums. d d d drum
Pronunciation:

/d/

drum

Practise saying the /t/. Form the

/d/ the same way, but use your
voice. Your tongue moves down.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

/g/

got, girl, tag

Context:
Greg goes to the zoo. He sees a
green gorilla. He growls g g g
gorilla.
Pronunciation:

/g/

gorill

First practise /k/. Use your voice

to say the /g/.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

//

on, clock, hot

Context:
Omar runs to turn on the fan. He
yells o o o on.
Pronunciation:

//

on

Practise the sound //. Open

your mouth wide for the sound
//. Your tongue should rest in
the bottom of your mouth.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

/k/

c, k, ck

cup, kid, kick

Context:
Carl is a kid. He likes to fly kites.
k k k kite
Pronunciation:

/k/

kite

Touch the back of the roof of

your mouth with the back of
your tongue. Push air forward in
your mouth and quickly move
your tongue away.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

/e/

egg, tent, bell

Context:
Ed likes to eat eggs . He does an
egg dance. e e e egg
Pronunciation:

/e/

egg

Practise the sound //. Open

your mouth a little more for
/e/. /e/ is a short, relaxed sound.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

//

up, cup, bun

Context:
Abu is an ugly boy. He likes to
climb up the tree. u u u up
Pronunciation:

//

up

Practise the sound //. Close your

mouth a little for //. Your tongue
should rest in the middle of your
mouth. // is a short, relaxed
sound.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

/r/

ran, red, bear,

roar

Context:
Roy likes big lions. He can roar
like a big lion. r r r roar
Pronunciation:

/r/

roar

Turn the tip of your tongue up.

Do not touch the roof of your
mouth with the tip of your tongue.
Make your lips a little round.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

/h/

hat, hot, hit

Context:
Hi, I am Halim. I am a happy boy.
h h h happy
Pronunciation:

/h/

happy

Open your mouth. Quickly push

out a lot of air. Do not use your
voice. Do not touch the roof of
your mouth with your tongue.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

/b/

bat, ball, tab

Context:
Badrol has a bat and a ball. He
bats the ball. b b b bat
Pronunciation:

/b/

bat

Practise the sound /p/. Use your

voice to say /b/.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

/f/

f, f

fan, fin, puf

Context:
Fred likes to fly like a bird. He says
f f f fly.
Pronunciation:

/f/

fish

Touch your top teeth with your

bottom lip. Blow out air between
your lip and teeth. Do not use
your voice.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

/l/

lL, ll

lap, lip, long,

dull, shell

Context:
Leo has 2 long legs. l l l leg
Pronunciation:

/l/

leg

Put the tip of your tongue just

behind your front teeth. Use
your voice. To make the sound
/l/, the air goes over the sides of
your tongue and out of your
mouth.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

/d/

jam, jug, jet

Context:
Jack like to jump. He jumps to the
left. He jumps to the right.
j j j jump
Pronunciation:

/d/

jump

Practise the sound /t/. Use your

voice to say /d/.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

/v/

van, veil, vase

Context:
Victor won the van race. He
shows a victory sign. v v v van
Pronunciation:

/v/

van

Practise the sound /f/. Use your

voice to say /v/. Your bottom lip
moves down when the air
escapes your mouth.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

/w/

wet, wind,
well

Context:
Wilma ran fast. She won the
race. w w w win
Pronunciation:

/w/

win

Make your lips round and hard

for /w/. Use your voice. Quickly
relax your lips.

Phonem
e
(sound)

/ks/

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

fox, box,
oxen,
exit

Context:
Mr. X has a box. He puts a fox in
the box. The fox says x x x fox.
Pronunciation:

/ks/

fox

Blend the /k/ and /s/ to form the

/ks/.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

/j/

yes, you,
yellow, yacht

Context:
Yusof likes to eat yellow
bananas. Yes, I want a banana .
y y y yes.
Pronunciation:

/j/

yes

Practise the /i:/. Quickly lower

your tongue. Use your voice. Do
not touch the roof of your mouth
with your tongue.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

/z/

z, zz

zip, zoo,
zebra, buzz

Context:
Zizi is in a zoo garden. The bees
buzz around Zizi. z z z zoo
Pronunciation:

/z/

zoo

Practise the sound /s/. Use your

voice to say /z/.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

/kw/

qu

queen, quack,
quick

Context:
Quincy goes to a farm. He sees a
duck. He quacks like the duck.
qu qu qu quack
Pronunciation:

/kw/

quack

Blend the /k/ and /w/ to form

/kw/.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

/t/

ch

chips, much,
church

Context:
Mr. Chew takes a train . He eats
chips on the train. ch ch ch
chips
Pronunciation:

/t/

chips

Practise the sounds /t/ and //. To

say /t/, begin to make /t/. Then
move your tongue back and away
from the roof of your mouth as
you say //. Do not use your

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

//

sh

shoe, flash,
ship

Context:
She sees a sheep in a shop. She
tells the sheep to be quiet. sh sh
sh sheep
Pronunciation:

//

sheep

Practise the sound /s/. Put the tip

of your tongue up and back a little
to make //. Push your lips forward
a little into a circle.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

//

ng

song, king,
singer

Context:
Ms. Ng see a mosquito. It stings
her ear . ng ng ng sting
Pronunciation:

//

sting

Touch the back of the roof of your

mouth with the back of your
tongue. Use your voice. The
sound // comes through your
nose.

sh

ng

ch

Phonem
e
(sound)

Grapheme
(letter/-s)

Words

//

th

the, mother,
there, bathe

Context:
There is my mother. She is sitting on
that rock. th th th that
Pronunciation:

//

that

Practise the sound //. Use your

voice to say //.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

//

th

three, thin,
mouth, bath

Context:
Theo likes to plant flowers in his
garden. He has a green thumb.
th th th thumb
Pronunciation:

//

thum

Put the tip of your tongue

between your front teeth. Blow
out air between your tongue and
top teeth. Do not use your voice.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Graphem
e (letter/s)

Words

//

th

three, thin,
mouth, bath

Context:
Theo likes to plant flowers in his
garden. He has a green thumb.
th th th thumb
Pronunciation:

//

thum

Put the tip of your tongue

between your front teeth. Blow
out air between your tongue and
top teeth. Do not use your voice.

Phonem
e
(sound)

Grapheme
(letter/-s)

Words

//

th

the, mother,
there, bathe

Context:
There is my mother. She is sitting on
that rock. th th th that
Pronunciation:

//

that

Practise the sound //. Use your

voice to say //.

th

th

th

th