Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Inheritance
MENDELS EXPERIMENTS
Tall or short
Seed colour
Green or yellow
Seed shape
Round or wrinkled
MENDELS EXPERIMENT
Term used
Description
Example
Gene
Plant height
Recessive
allele
Phenotype
Genotype
TT, Tt, tt
Alleles
Dominant
allele
Homozygote
Tt
Dominant
Recessive
Yes
No
Dimples
Yes
No
Colour of iris
Black
Blue
Hair
Curly
Straight
Lips
Thick
Thin
Skin
Pigmented
Non-pigmeted
Ear lobe
Free
Attached
Colour vision
Normal
Colour blind
cross
BB x BB
BB x Bb
BB : Bb
BB x bb
All Bb
Bb x Bb
BB : Bb : bb; 1:2:1
Bb x bb
Bb : bb
bb x bb
All bb
TRY THESE:
1.
2.
mango tree P
(sweet fruit) 50%
mango tree Q
(sour fruit)
50%
If P is crossed with Q, what percentage of the
trees will produce sour fruit?
3.
4.
DIHYBRID INHERITANCE
A cross which involves 2 pairs of alleles determining 2
characters is called a dihybrid cross.
Mendel carried out dihybrid crosses between pure-breeding
pea plants which differed in 2 characters, that is , plants
with round and yellow seeds, and plants with wrinkled and
green seeds
The phenotypes and the ratios of the plants obtained in the
F2 generation are
TRY THIS
INHERITANCE OF TRAITS IN
HUMANS
Human traits are influenced not only by single
genes but also groups of genes and sex-linked
genes
Genotype
IA IA , IA IO
IB IB , IB IO
AB
IA IB
IO IO
Phenotype Antigens on
Antibodies
Can donate
Can receive
blood
blood
(blood
red blood
present in
blood to
blood from
group)
cells
blood serum
Anti-B
groups
A, AB
groups
A, O
Anti-A
B, AB
B, O
AB
Universal
recipient
O
Universal
donor
A&B
None
AB
A, B, AB, O
None
A, B, AB & O
TRY THESE:
Draw schematic diagram to show the inheritance
of the ABO blood groups and the genotypes and
phenotypes of the offspring if
i) The fathers blood group is A and the mothers
blood group is B
ii) The fathers blood group is O and the mothers
blood group is AB
TRY THESE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Autosomes
Male
44 (22 pairs)
Sex
No of chromosomes
XX
44 + XX(46)
SEX-LINKED INHERITANCE
1.
2.
Colour blindness
A condition in which colours cannot be distinguished,
usually between red & green colours
Caused by recessive allele carried on X chromosome,
similar to haemophilia
Normal vision gene: XB & a colour blind gene: Xb
Do activity 5.7, question 2 a, b & c, pg 177,
in reduced rate of synthesis or no synthesis of
Homework: (results
one of the globin chains that make up hemoglobin)
Other hereditary diseases: thalassaemia, sickle-cell
anaemia, cystic fibrosis & Huntingtons disease
Disease
Cause
Symptoms
Homework:
Make notes about the genetic researches above
Photocopy figure 5.15, pg 182; figure 5.17, pg 183; figure 5.19, pg 185
Section B, Pg 190, Q1, 2 &3
DNA FINGERPRITING
A
GENETIC ENGINEERING
A technique of gene manipulation to create new
combinations of genes
Involves the transfer of a gene from 1 living organism
to another organism
In medicine, gene therapy is used to treat genetic
disorders which involves the insertion of genetic
material into a patient
Use a healthy gene to replace the faulty gene
Genetically modified food (GMF): eg. Soya bean,
tomatoes, maize
To increase the quantity and quality of food or animals
To produce drugs and vaccines, eg. insulin