AIR DAN pH

BBM UNTAR
dr. Liliana S.Y.

AIR=H2O
Merupakan mol. yg esential untuk

kehidupan
Melarutkan dan memodifikasi sifat-sifat
biomolekul:as.nukleat,protein &karbohidrat
melalui pembentukan ikatan hidrogen
Merupakan nukleofil yg sangat baik,
berfungsi sebagai reaktan dan juga produk
dalam reaksi-reaksi metabolik

AIR = POLAR
-BERSIFAT BIPOLAR (DUA KUTUB),
KARENA ELEKTRONNYA TERDISTRI
BUSI TIDAK SAMA.
-MERUPAKAN MOLEKUL
TETRAHEDRAL DENGAN BENTUK
AGAK MIRING

IKATAN HIDROGEN
MOLEKUL AIR MEMBENTUK

IKATAN HIDROGEN
MEMERLUKAN BAIK DONOR
MAUPUN AKSEPTOR HIDROGEN
MENENTUKAN STRUKTUR
MAKROMOLEKUL AIR/ES. DALAM
BENTUK ES, MASING-MASING
MOLEKUL AIR BERIKATAN DENG
AN 4 MOLEKUL AIR LAIN.

 IKATAN HIDROGEN MERUPAKAN

IKATAN YANG LEMAH,

DIPERLUKAN HANYA SEKITAR 4,5
KKAL/MOLEKUL UNTUK
MEMUTUSKAN IKATAN INI
IKATAN HIDROGEN PADA AIR
MENGHASILKAN TEGANGAN
PERMUKAAN DAN VISKOSITAS
AIR YANG RELATIF TINGGI
(TETAP CAIR PADA SUHU
KAMAR)

 SIFAT BIPOLAR & KEMAMPUAN

MEMBENTUK IKATAN
HIDROGEN, AIR MENENTUKAN
KEMAMPUANNYA
MELARUTKAN BANYAK
MOLEKUL

SENYAWAAN YANG DAPAT

MEMBENTUK IKATAN H
DENGAN AIR:
SENYAWA -OH
SENYAWA SH
AMINA
ESTER
ALDEHID
KETON

IONISASI AIR

IONISASI

AIR MERUPAKAN PENGALIHAN

PROTON ANTAR MOLEKUL.
PROTON SEGERA MENGALAMI HIDRASI
MEMBENTUK ION HIDRONIUM(H3O+) DAN
ION HIDROKSIL(OH-)
H+ + H2O H3O+

KONSTANTA DISSOSIASI

H2O

H +OH
+

Since one mole (mol) of water weights 18 g,

one liter (L) (1000 g) of water contains 1000
: 18 =55.56 mol. Pure water thus is 55.56
molar.
Since the probability that a hydrogen in pure
water will exist as a hydrogen ion is 1.8 X
10-9, the molar concentration of
H+ ions (or of OH ions) in pure water is the
product of the probability, 1.8 X 10-9, times
the molar concentration of water, 55.56
mol/L.The result is 1.0 X 10-7 mol/L.

We can now calculate K for water:

KONSTANTA KEIMBANANGAN
AIR / Kw

The molar concentration of water, 55.56

mol/L,is too great to be
significantly affected by dissociation.
It therefore is considered to be
essentially constant. This constant may
then be incorporated into the
dissociation constant K to provide a
useful new constant Kw termed the ion
product for water. The relationship
between Kw and K is shown below:

KONSTANTA KESEIMBANGAN
AIR/KW

Note that the dimensions of K are

moles per liter and those of Kw are
moles2 per liter2. As its name suggests,
the ion product Kw is numerically equal
to the product of the molar
concentrations of H+ and OH:
K w =[H+][OH]
At 25 C,Kw = (107)2, or 1014
(mol/L)2.
SUHU

K W ; SUHU

KW

At temperatures below 25 C, Kw is
somewhat less than 1014; and at
temperatures above 25 C it is
somewhat greater than1014. Within the
stated limitations of the effect of
temperature,Kw equals 10-14 (mol/L)2
for all aqueous solutions,
even solutions of acids or bases. We
shall use Kw to calculate the pH of acidic
and basic solutions.

pH

The term pH was introduced in 1909

by Srensen,
who defined pH as the negative log
of the hydrogen ion concentration:

pH = log [H+ ]
for pure water at 25C,
pH=log [H+ ]=log 107 = (7) = 7.0
Low pH values correspond to high
concentrations of H+ and high pH values
correspond to low concentrations of H+.
ASAM : DONOR PROTON (H+)

Example 1: Whatisthe pH of a solution

whose hydrogen ion concentration is
3.2 . 10-4 mol/L?

Example 2: What is the pH of a solution

whose hydroxide ion concentration is
4.0 . 10-4 mol/L? We first define a quantity
pOH that is equal to log [OH] and
that may be derived from the definition of
Kw:
K w=[H+][OH]=10-14
Therefore:
log [H+]+log [OH]=log 10-14
Or

pH+pOH=14

To solve the problem by this approac

ASAM-ASAM LEMAH
DAN BUFFER

We term the protonated species (eg,HA

orR-NH3+) the acid and the
unprotonated species (eg,A or R-NH2)
its conjugate base.
Similarly, we may refer to a base (eg,
A or R-NH2) and its conjugate
acid (eg, HA or R-NH3+).
Representative weak acids
(left), their conjugate bases (center),
and the pKa values(right) include the
following:(pKa=Konstanta disosiasi)

Representative weak acids

(left), their conjugate bases (center), and
the pKa values(right) include the following:

Since log Ka is defined as pKa, and log

[H+] defines pH, the equation may be
rewritten as ie, the pKa of an acid group is
the pH at which the protonated
and unprotonated species are present at
equal concentrations.
-logk = -logH+
pka=pH
The pKa for an acid may be determined by
adding 0.5 equivalent of alkali perequiva
lent of acid. The resulting pH will be the
pKa of the acid.

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is

derived below.
A weak acid, HA, ionizes as follows:
HA = H+ + A
The equilibrium constant for this
dissociation is

Cross-multiplication gives

LARUTAN ASAM LEMAH DAN GARAM

NYA MENDAPAR pH
LARUTAN ASAM/BASA LEMAH DAN
KONJUGATNYA SEBAGAI PENDAPAR,
YAITU MEMPERTAHANKAN PERUBAHAN pH SETELAH PENAMBAHAN ASAM/
BASA KUAT (YANG LEBIH EFEKTIF
DIBANDINGKAN AIR DENGAN VOLUME
YANG SAMA)

SALAH SATU PRODUK METABOLISME

OKSIDATIF ADALAH CO2 (ANHIDRIDA
DARI AS.KARBONAT),YG BILA TIDAK
DIDAPAR MENYEBABKAN ASIDIFIKASI
BERAT
PENDAPAR FISIOLOGIS UNTUK MEMPERTAHANKAN pH YG KONSTAN MELI
PUTI : PENDAPAR FOSFAT, BIKARBONAT DAN PROTEIN ; YANG AKAN
MENERIMA/MELEPAS PROTON
UNTUK MENCEGAH PERUBAHAN pH.

HOMEOSTASIS
MEMPERTAHANKAN LINGKUNGAN

INTERNAL YG PENTING UNTUK

KESEHATAN TERMASUK :
-DISTRIBUSI AIR DALAM TUBUH
*INTRASEL/ICF 55-65%
*EKTRASEL/ECFSISANYA
DALAM PLASMA JUMLAH AIRNYA
25%
-NILAI pH
-KONSENTRASI ELEKTROLIT

PENGATURAN KESEIMBANGAN
AIR
MEKANISME HIPOTALAMUS:

-MENGATUR RASA HAUS

-HORMON ANTI DIURETIK/ADH
GINJAL:
-RETENSI/EKSKRESI AIR
KEKURANGAN/KELEBIHAN AIR
SELALU DISERTAI KEKURANGAN/KE
LEBIHAN NATRIUM

KEKURANGAN AIR
INTAKE KURANG :

-KEADAAN KOMA
KEHILANGAN YG BERLEBIHAN:
-BANYAK BERKERINGAT
-BANYAK KENCING (PADA D.M)
-DIARE/KOLERA

KELEBIHAN AIR
PEMBERIAN CAIRAN I.V (INTRA

VENA) YANG BERLEBIHAN

EKSKRESI YANG MENURUN
(GAGAL GINJAL)

HOMEOSTASIS DIPERTAHANKAN
MELALUI 2 MEKANISME
1.KONSERVASI AIR OLEH ADH
2.INTAKE AIR OLEH RASA HAUS
KENAIKAN 2% PADA OSMOLARITAS ECF SUDAH DAPAT MERANGSANG RASA HAUS DAN HIPOFISE
AKAN MENSEKRESI ADH