Professional Documents
Culture Documents
UNDERSTANDING
COAL-FIRED THERMAL POWER
PLANTS
COAL
THE SOLID FOSSIL
FUEL
THE BASICS OF
COAL-FIRED THERMAL POWER
PLANTS
CALACA
COAL-FIRED THERMAL POWER
PLANT
CALACA
COAL-FIRED THERMAL POWER PLANT
Steam Conditions
HEAT ENERGY
The Coal Handling
System
oad by 65,000-tonner (PANAMAX-size) ocean-going vessel that dock
ASH HANDLING
EQUIPMENT
Precipitator
removes the fly ash from the flue gas by electrostatic
means (polarization plates/stages).
Fly Ash Silo
where fine ashes from the KOPPERS of ECONOMIZER. AIR
HEATER and ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR (ESP)
extracted by vacuum pump are collected. From there the
moistened ash is transported to the ash Pond by trucks. Fly ash can
be recycled in the manufacturing of cement.
Clinker Hopper
inverted cone-shaped BOTTOM ASH COLLECTOR. From
there the moistened ash is transported to the ASH POND by trucks.
Ash Tank/Bin
with conveyor collects slag or bottom ash from the
FURNACE proper.
Ash Pond
outdoor disposal area where the fly and bottom ashes are
transported and collected. It consists of perimeter embankment with
drainage facilities, regulating reservoir, sedimentation basin and
neutralization pit (where waste water is collected and neutralized
before discharge into the sea.
H EAT
E NERGY
STEAM ENERGY
Boiler
by a number of steel tubes and placed in the furnace so that the hot gases have to
S team D r um
a.To receive the water and start the circulation by
admitting the water to the tubes.
b. Supply water surface for steam separation as the mixture
of water and stream arise from the tubes and collecting
space for steam above the water level .
c. to provide an outlet for the steam on its way to the
turbine.
d. To provide the water column connecting to determine
water level and a place to install a boiler pressure safety
valve.
Generating Tubes
placed directly in the path of the hot flue gases leaving the furnace
,these tubes receive the water from the drum and discharge the mixture of
steam and water into the steam drum. In advanced designs, water walls
have taken the place of generating tubes.
Water Walls
characteristic feature of modern furnace design wherein the
generating tubes are utilized not only as walls protecting the
furnace walls but serve as important part of the boiler heating
surface.
Super Heater
where the steams after it leaves the drum is further heated to a tempe
S TEAM E NERGY
MECHANICAL ENERGY
Turbine
windmill, it consists of stationary and rotating blades mounted on a co
REHEATERS
n through the high pressure turbine and before it passes through the rest of the turbine .Part
CONDENSER
A large hallow box attached to the exhaust opening of the turbine .In
this box are installed rows of small tubes though which cooling Water is
circulating causing the conversion of the exhaust Steam back into water for
reuse in the boiler (cold reheat ).In the process a vacuum is created which will
make the turbine operate more efficiently by providing less resistance to the
exhaust steam in its way out.
1.Cooling Water –treated sea water use to condense steam .Slightly heated
after performing its work ,this water is then returned to the sea through an open
discharge channel.
2.Evactor -pump use for removing excess air leakage from Condenser .Air in
the condenser can cause a loss of vacuum (air occupies space ) and use
decrease the cooling of the exhaust steam (air will blanket some of the tubes
and not allow steam to contact the tubing).
Schematic
Diagram