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PART 1

UNDERSTANDING
COAL-FIRED THERMAL POWER
PLANTS
COAL
THE SOLID FOSSIL
FUEL
THE BASICS OF
COAL-FIRED THERMAL POWER
PLANTS
CALACA
COAL-FIRED THERMAL POWER
PLANT
CALACA
COAL-FIRED THERMAL POWER PLANT

Plant Name: BATANGAS Coal Fired Thermal Power Plant

Location: SAN RAFAEL, CALACA, BATANGAS


CALACA
COAL-FIRED THERMAL POWER PLANT
PLANT GENERAL

Type of Plant Unit System (one Boiler to


one Turbine)
Unit Output 300MW
Condenser Cooling System Seawater
Auxiliary Steam System Taken from another
unit/from own boiler
Electricity for start-up Taken from Transmission
Line via Station
Transformer
CALACA
COAL-FIRED THERMAL POWER PLANT
Turbine Plant

Type of Turbine Reheat Condensing Turbine


Maximum Continuous Rating 300 MW
Rated Speed of Turbine 3600 RPM

Steam Conditions

Pressure at MSV inlet flange 170 ATG


Temperature at MSV inlet Flange 538ºC
Temperature at
Reheats Stop Valve inlet flange 538ºC
CALACA
COAL-FIRED THERMAL POWER PLANT

FLOW CONDITIONS AT 300 MW

Main Steam 923 T/H


Reheat Steam 768 T/H
Feed Water 923 T/H
PART 2
C HEMICAL E NERGY

HEAT ENERGY
The Coal Handling
System
oad by 65,000-tonner (PANAMAX-size) ocean-going vessel that dock

1.UNLOADING EQUIPMENT transfers coal from vessel to RECEIVING


CONVEYOR SYSTEM
2. RECEIVING CONVEYOR SYSTEM transports coal to STOCKYARD
VIA ITS STACKER
3. STOCKYARD is where the coal is temporarily stored and sprayed
with water to avoid spontaneous combustion when necessary
4.RECLAIMER transfers coal from Stockyard to DISCHARGING
CONVEYOR SYSTEM
6.DISCHARGING CONVEYOR SYSTEM transports coal to the COAL
BUNKER/SILO
8.COAL BUNKER/SILO to COAL FEEDER, then to MILL or COAL
PULVERIZER
7. COAL PULVERIZER to FUEL BURNER
UNLOADING EQUIPMENT
RECLAIMER
RECEIVING CONVEYOR
PULVERIZER
COAL
COAL
FUELSYSTEM
SFEEDER
BUNKER
BURNER
FURNACE SYSTEM
FUNCTION: Where the actual burning of the coal takes place.

Pulverized burning is the method used of Firing or Coal Burning, wherein,


coal is first pulverized then blown into the furnace and actual burning
takes place in mid-air of a STEEL BOX.

The System consists of these equipments:

1. MILL is a machine used for grinding the coal to proper size


2. EXHUASTER is a fan that blows the coal into the Furnace
3. BURNERS are openings in the steel box where the coal enters
the Furnace
Forced Draft Fan
ounts of air. An AIR COMBUSTION is supplied by FORCED DRAFT F
DAMPERS ( controlled openings).
AIR PREHEATER
of the heat going to waste up the stack to heat the secondary air befo

Gas or Oil Torch


brings the temperature in the Furnace up to the ignition temperature o
Induced Draft Fan
ON: Installed just before the STACK to draw the flue gas out of the FU

ASH HANDLING
EQUIPMENT
Precipitator
removes the fly ash from the flue gas by electrostatic
means (polarization plates/stages).
Fly Ash Silo
where fine ashes from the KOPPERS of ECONOMIZER. AIR
HEATER and ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR (ESP)
extracted by vacuum pump are collected. From there the
moistened ash is transported to the ash Pond by trucks. Fly ash can
be recycled in the manufacturing of cement.

Clinker Hopper
inverted cone-shaped BOTTOM ASH COLLECTOR. From
there the moistened ash is transported to the ASH POND by trucks.
Ash Tank/Bin
with conveyor collects slag or bottom ash from the
FURNACE proper.

Ash Pond
outdoor disposal area where the fly and bottom ashes are
transported and collected. It consists of perimeter embankment with
drainage facilities, regulating reservoir, sedimentation basin and
neutralization pit (where waste water is collected and neutralized
before discharge into the sea.
H EAT
E NERGY

STEAM ENERGY
Boiler
by a number of steel tubes and placed in the furnace so that the hot gases have to

S team D r um
a.To receive the water and start the circulation by
admitting the water to the tubes.
b. Supply water surface for steam separation as the mixture
of water and stream arise from the tubes and collecting
space for steam above the water level .
c. to provide an outlet for the steam on its way to the
turbine.
d. To provide the water column connecting to determine
water level and a place to install a boiler pressure safety
valve.
Generating Tubes
placed directly in the path of the hot flue gases leaving the furnace
,these tubes receive the water from the drum and discharge the mixture of
steam and water into the steam drum. In advanced designs, water walls
have taken the place of generating tubes.

Water Walls
characteristic feature of modern furnace design wherein the
generating tubes are utilized not only as walls protecting the
furnace walls but serve as important part of the boiler heating
surface.

Water Circulation Pumps


to force water to circulate in a boiler in order to avoid ‘’hot spot’’
problems .
Mud Drum
where boiler impurities are collected and drained
through valves.

Super Heater
where the steams after it leaves the drum is further heated to a tempe
S TEAM E NERGY

MECHANICAL ENERGY
Turbine
windmill, it consists of stationary and rotating blades mounted on a co

1.First Stage/High Pressure Stage Steam


issuing from the nozzle pushes against the blades and
causes the shaft to turn. The steam gives up some of
its energy in turning the blades and leaves the first stage
at lower pressure and temperature .
2. Second stage /Intermediate Pressure
Stage activated by the same steam and gives up some
more energy in turning the blades here.

3. Third Stage/Low Pressure stage the same


steams enters this stage at a lower temperature and
pressure .1/3 of steam energy is given up in the three stages
and leaves the third stage as Exhaust Steam .
GOVERNING SYSTEM
eed of the turbine or generating unit by either closing or opening the governing valves autom

MAIN STOP VALVE


NCTION: Function is to close in case of emergency to cut the supply of steam into the turbin

REHEATERS
n through the high pressure turbine and before it passes through the rest of the turbine .Part
CONDENSER
A large hallow box attached to the exhaust opening of the turbine .In
this box are installed rows of small tubes though which cooling Water is
circulating causing the conversion of the exhaust Steam back into water for
reuse in the boiler (cold reheat ).In the process a vacuum is created which will
make the turbine operate more efficiently by providing less resistance to the
exhaust steam in its way out.

1.Cooling Water –treated sea water use to condense steam .Slightly heated
after performing its work ,this water is then returned to the sea through an open
discharge channel.

2.Evactor -pump use for removing excess air leakage from Condenser .Air in
the condenser can cause a loss of vacuum (air occupies space ) and use
decrease the cooling of the exhaust steam (air will blanket some of the tubes
and not allow steam to contact the tubing).
Schematic
Diagram

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