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What is a Foundry?
A foundry is:
a factory that pours molten metal into molds,
producing cast metal objects.
Casting is one of the oldest industrial processes
There are different casting processes.
The focus here is: GREEN SAND CASTING
Some
typical cast
metal
objects:
Aluminum
pots
Engine blocks,
axles
Turbine blades
in jet engines
SAND-CASTING
Basic materials & equipment for green sand-casting
Pattern
(a copy of the shape
you want to produce,
made of wood, plastic
or metal)
Sand,
mixed with clay binder &
water (so it will hold its
shape) plus coal dust to
improve surface finish
Container of molten
(filled from furnace)
metal
SAND-CASTING
A very basic summary of the sand casting process. . .
First of all,
mix the sand.
THEN
MOLDING:
Sand placed
into bottom mold
form &
compacted
2 MOLDING:
SAND-CASTING
3
MOLDING: Add
the top mold
form
SAND-CASTING
5
MOLDING: Take
the top mold off
and remove
pattern & pipe or
post
SAND-CASTING
8
7
CASTING:
Pour the metal (container is
filled from furnace immediately
before you are ready to pour)
SAND-CASTING
A copy of the pattern
has now been made
in metal
9
CLEANING. Sand is
cleaned off the part, the
tab where metal flowed
in must be removed.
SAND-CASTING
Sand-casting is simple
in concept, but
demanding in
execution. It is a
process essential to
making basic and
advanced products. . .
it is also hazardous
and energy-intensive!
Casting Terminology
Parting line
Patterns
What is pattern?
Approximate duplicate of product
Patterns are made in the shape of the casting
Pattern Materials: Wood, Plastic or metal.
One piece or multiple piece pattern
Types of Patterns
Types of patterns used in sand casting:
(a) solid pattern
(b) split pattern
(c) matchplate pattern
(d) cope and drag pattern
Pattern Making
Split Pattern
Pattern Allowances
Shrinkage Allowance
Patterns are made larger than the casting to compensate
contraction of the liquid while freezing.
For internal cavities the allowances should be negative.
Machining Allowance
Allowance required to remove the rough cast surface. 2 to 25 mm
(0.1 to 1)
Draft Allowance
To facilitate ease of removal, usually to 2 deg.
Shrinkage allowance
Normal shrinkage: Cast iron 0.83 to 1.3%
Aluminum - 1.3%
Cores
Cores
Cores are used to create internal cavities.
Should have similar properties as the mold.
Shaken out after casting is produced.
Process
1
Mould
3
Dolly
Sprue
Pins
10
11
12
13