Corrupti

on

Objectiv
es
What is corruption?

Types of corruptions
Common characteristics
Globalization increased risk
Role of media
Impact of corruption

What is
Corruption?

It is giving or obtainingadvantage
through means which are illegitimate,
immoral, and / or inconsistent with
one'sdutyor therightsof others.
the misuse of public office
for personal gains
as an act of bribery
involving a public servant
and a transfer of tangible
resources
The duty of youth is to challenge corruption.
- Kurt Cobain

Corruption is a crime of
calculation, not of passion.
People will tend to engage in
corruption when the risks are low,
the penalties are mild and the
rewards are great."
Based on this, a heuristic formula was proposed for analyzing the
tendency for corruption to exist-

Corruption = Monopoly + Discretion

OnAccountability
explanation this it is said that
corruption tends to flourish Where
officials have a monopoly power over a
good or service, unlimited discretion in
deciding who gets that good or service
or how much they get, and there is no
accountability whereby others can see
what that person is deciding.

Corruption - Not Just Bribery

Money laundering
Other corrupt behaviours
Lobbying?
Political financing?
Facilitating abusive tax avoidance?
Mis-selling?
Exceeding societys licence to
operate?

Shades of Corruption
The following of the most common forms of
corruption, as described in United Nation Anticorruption Toolkit Bribery
Embezzlement, theft and fraud
Extortion
Abuse of discretion
Favoritism, nepotism and clientelism
Conduct creating or exploiting conflicting
interests
Improper political contributions

Shades of Corruption (Cont.)

Bribery
payment made in money or kind and can be initiated
either by the public servant or the beneficiary. It can
be extortionary, collusive or anticipatory

Favoritism, Nepotism and clientelism

a mechanism of power abuse implying privatization
and highly biased distribution of state resources, no
matter how these resources have been accumulated
in the first place.

Embezzlement, Theft and Fraud

theft of government property and resources by
people who are entrusted upon to take care of it.

Shades of Corruption (Cont.)

Extortion
extortion involves coercive incentives such as the
use of threat of violence or the exposure or
damaging information in order to induce cooperation.
Office holders can be either the instigators or the
victims of extortion.

Abuse of discretion
the abuse of office for private gain, but without
external inducement or extortion. Patterns of such
abuses are usually associated with bureaucracies in
which broad individual discretion is created, few
oversights oraccountabilitystructures are present,
as well as those in which decision-making rules are
so complex as to neutralize the effectiveness of such
structures even if they exist.

Shades of Corruption (Cont.)

Improper political contributions
payments made in an attempt to unduly
influence present or future activities by a party
or its members when they are in office.
Distinguishing this from legitimate political
contributions is very difficult.

Common Characteristics of
Corruption
Gap between group and individual interest .
Two or more parties since one can hardly be
corrupt with ones own self
Consenting adults that have a common
understanding
Benefit furtherance
Misuse of the power that often drives a wedge
between intended and stated positions, for
unintended benefits
Existence of power that could be grabbed,
usurped, entrusted or otherwise available

Which Countries Are

Corrupt?

The Transparency International 2012 Corruption

Perceptions Index shows that the most honest

countries are Finland, New Zealand, Iceland,
Denmark, and Singapore.
The most corrupt countries are Haiti, Guinea,

Myanmar, Iraq, Bangladesh, Chad, the Democratic

Republic of Congo, and Sudan.
China, Brazil, Ghana, Senegal, Peru, Mexico, Saudi

Arabia, India, and Egypt all rank in the middle of

the 163 countries ranked.

Corruption Perception Index

(2012)

Source: http://cpi.transparency.org/cpi2011/results/

Corruption Perceptions Index

(Category Wise)

Corruption Perceptions
Index 2012

Perception of Most Corrupt

Industries In India
(According To Transparency International
Survey of 2012)

Factor conducive for Corruption

Lack of awareness
Lack of proper Service-Level

Agreements
Lax supervision and monitoring of staff
performance
Discretion
Absence of appropriate grievance
redressal mechanisms
Obsolete policies

W hat Causes Corruption?

Most studies of corruption focus on

institutional factors:
Need stronger and more effective

institutions (World Bank)

Lack of democracy
Ineffective judiciary
Unfair elections
Lack of free media

 Democratic institutions are not the source of

clean government, but democratic practices

contribute strongly to honest government.

Elections can be sources of corruption.

Media may be captured or may be

ineffective.

The simple adoption of democratic

institutions has not led to less corruption.

U nfair LegalSystem s and

Cor
rupt
ionsystems contribute to
Unfair
legal
corruption by:
Making it more difficult for the poor to have

access to the legal system. People in the

informal sector have no legal rights.
Shielding people at the top. The elite can

evade taxes and bribe officials and not be

prosecuted. If they are indicted, they may not
be tried. If they are tried, they will not be
convicted. If convicted, they won't go to jail.

D em ocratic Practice
Structural reforms may not matter

much for corruption. However:

Democratic countries are far less corrupt

than non-democracies.
Countries with strong democratic
practices, especially treating everyone
equally, are considerably less likely to be
corrupt.

 Democracies have less corruption

overall:
On the 1-10 Corruption Perceptions
Index, where higher scores indicate
less corruption:
Free countries average 5.9, partially
free countries average 3.2, and not
free countries average 3.0

 I show that high inequality leads to

low out-group trust, which in turn leads

to high levels of corruption.
The only institutional factor that
matters for corruption is the fairness of
the legal system, not the "efficiency" of
the legal system.
Policy also matters: Strangling
regulation leads to higher levels of
corruption.

Impact of
Corruption?

Hinders social and economic development and

increases poverty by diverting domestic and
foreign investment away from where it are most
needed;
- Weakens education and health systems,
depriving people of the basic building blocks of a
decent life;
- Undermines democracy by distorting electoral
processes and undermining government
institutions, which can lead to political instability;
- Exacerbates inequality and injustice by
perverting the rule of law and punishing victims of
crime through corrupt rulings
-

Effect Of Globalization On
Corruption
Globalization has increased the risk of
corruption but has also increased the
opportunities to curb it

Role of Media in Tackling

Corruption
The media can

serve many important

functions, not just
exposing corruption
but also sustaining an
open and transparent
flow of information
and fostering a
climate of opinion that
is increasingly
intolerant of
corruption.

How to Remove
Corruption?
laws fixing accountability and encouraging

transparency combined with efficient judiciary

and free press provide ideal atmosphere to
tackle the menace of corruption.

Is There a Solution?
To combat corruption, you must fight

economic inequality.
The best way to reduce inequality is

through universal rather than meanstested social welfare programs.

 It is often difficult to gain public

support for universal social welfare

programs in highly unequal societies
because of:
Envy/jealousy.
Perceptions that the programs will not

deliver the goods because of corruption.

 These difficulties are among the reasons

why unequal countries remain unequal-and corrupt, why inequality often forms
a "trap."
Without policy change, there is little

hope for curbing corruption.

Tackling Corruption
Lack of awareness
can be removed by clearly specifying the guidelines and information

about the services.

Lack of proper SLAs

can be taken care by a time bound service can be easily tracked by

the citizens if the information is freely available hence empowering

them to seek penalty when the SLA is missed.

Lack of accountability, supervision

can be improved through institutional diagnostics such as periodic or

social auditing which can be facilitated by well documented

information at disposal.

Discretion
can also be kept under check if these subjective decisions are well

documented and hence available for review.

Grievance mechanisms and obsolete policies need to be

directly addressed

Conclusion
Coruption, as we know is the criminal thing
that is done by a person in a certain
capacity especially with negative
connotation, they do the illegal thing to
make a benefit for them self.
We can difference coruption into 2 calsses.
First is Petty corruption, its a kind of
coruption where did by some people in a
little capacity, they do a little coruption, but
they do that many times.

 The other cases of coruption is State

capture that refers to a situation in which
private interest has effectively taken over
certain state functions, a type of corruption
generally less understood by the public or by
the media.
So, coruption is an illegal thing that we
couldnt do, because, with out coruption we
can be a good generetion for our country.
And then we can make our country clear
from coruption and make our country better.

h
T

z
k
n
a

..

It was an overnight prepared presentation!!

Brought;-P
to you byGopal, Swapnil,
Khushal, Harsh, Vaibhav, Parshuram, Ketan And
Kamlesh