Group Members

Sohaib Khan
Farhan Asif
Hassaan ul Haque
Haqqi
Ahsan Ali
 Pakistan’s Flagship

 Pakistan’s air travel pioneer

 Ever committed to innovation

 Come, Fly with us

 Engineering Solutions

◦ Quality

◦ Safety

◦ Cost Conscious

◦ Modern Aircraft Maintenance procedures

◦ Managed by Highly Qualified engineers

 Auto Flight Control
◦ System Description
 Flight Control Computer System
Flight Augmentation Computer System
Thrust Control Computer System
System Monitor
◦ System Failure Behavior
Fail Soft
Fail Passive
Fail Operational
◦ Connection with Flight Controls
 Pitch axis
Roll axis
Yaw axis

◦ Connection with Engine Control

◦ Computer Architecture
Digital Part
Analog Part

◦ Auto Pilot
 Indication Recording System

◦ Instruments & Panels

◦ Recorders
 Landing Gear
◦ Extension & Retraction
 Normal extension & retraction
Landing gear free fall extension
Landing gear door ground opening
◦ Indicating & Warning
◦ Braking
Wheels & Brakes
Anti Skid System
Braking Modes
Auto Brake
Brake Temperature System
Ground Test & Bite
◦ Steering
 Formulas to calculate defects to control
the quality

Defect Rate = Defects * 1000 / monthly flying

hours

Good Performance Limit(GPL) = Average of 12

months

Alert Level = GPL + SD

 Computer Architecture
◦ AFS design based on Digital Technology configured
on Intel Series Microprocessors
 16-bit microprocessor
 FAC, FCC, TCC (bi-processor structure)
8-bit microprocessor
FCU, TRP, MTP (mono processor structure)

◦ Certain sections configured in analog form

Power channels
Voting device
Clutching logic
 Computer Architecture
◦ Digital Part
 Computer Architecture
◦ Analog Part
 FCC, TCC, FAC includes an Analog part
Analog consists of:
 Power Loops
Power Loop Monitoring
Output Voters
Output Comparators
Hard wired engage Logic
 Ensures selection b/w several inputs
 Command computed by the command processor
Command computed by the monitoring processor
Zero value command
 System Description

◦ Flight Control Computer System

 Flight Director
Autopilot in CMD mode
Autopilot in CWS mode

◦ Flight Augmentation Control System

Pitch Trim
Yaw Damper
Miscellaneous Functions
 System Description

◦ Thrust Control Computer System

Thrust Computation
Auto Throttle Function

◦ System Monitor
 System Failure Behavior

◦ Fail Soft
◦ Fail Passive
◦ Fail Operational
 Connection with Flight Controls
◦ Pitch Axis
 Connection with Flight Controls
◦ Roll Axis
 Connection with Flight Controls
◦ Yaw Axis
 Connection with Engine Control
 Autopilot
◦ FCC groups in a same computer the Autopilot &
Flight director functions

FCC functions
 stabilizing the aircraft around its center of gravity while
holding vertical speed and heading
stabilizing the aircraft around its center of gravity while
holding roll and pitch attitudes
flying the aircraft on an acquired flight path
Acquisition of new flight paths
Take off
Automatic landing, roll out included
Objective: To calculate the GPL and Alert Level to find out the stability in the Autopilot.

Defects
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009
Auto 40 55 93 46 41 22 38 29 25 38 44 48 29
Flight

Flying Hours
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009
Auto 3029 3298 3354 3178 3329 3416 3683 3494 3062 3358 2886 3083 3154
Flight

Defect rate = Defects * 1000 / monthly flying hours

Defect Rate
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009
Auto 13.2 16.6 27.7 14.4 12.3 6.4 10.3 8.3 8.1 11.3 15.2 15.5 9.1
Flight
GPL = Average of 12
months
Good Performance Limit (GPL)
Auto Flight 13.31
Standard Deviation of auto
flight = 5.58
Alert Level = GPL + sigma
Alert Level
Auto Flight 18.89
Alert Level condition:
Above alert level  Red
Between GPL and Alert Level  Amber
Below alert level  Green

Result:
To calculate the Good Performance Limit, we’ve to compare the GPL with the latest month
defect rate. So, in the current case – GPL is fine as its higher then latest Jun 2009 defect
rate. And, Alert Level is Green.
 Recording System covers

◦ Instruments

◦ Aircraft integrated data system

◦ Weight and balance system (WBS)

◦ Electronic centralized aircraft monitoring (ECAM)

system
 System Description
◦ Independent Instruments
 Electrical Clocks
 GMT is provided by two fully independent clocks with built-in time
base installed on the aircraft, as follows:
 one clock on Captain’s main instrument panel 3VU
one clock on First Officer’s main instrument panel 5VU
A wiring provision for a Third Occupant is made.

Clinometers
Two clinometers are fitted in the right main landing gear
clinometers indicate the slope of aircraft longitudinal and transverse axes
when the aircraft is jacked up.
 Recorders
◦ The main function of AIDS is to convert various
critical flight parameters into a recordable form
and to record them on magnetic tape.

 Features
◦ acquisition of various analog, discrete and digital parameters 
◦ conversion of parameters in a recordable form 
◦ recording of formatted data on DFDR (SSFDR) 
◦ acquisition of digital parameters 
◦ monitoring functions of APU 
◦ printout of primary data and processing results 
◦ execution of onboard engine condition monitoring (ECM) 
◦ Initiation of data reports for maintenance and engineering
investigations.
Objective: To calculate the GPL and Alert Level to find out the stability in the Recorders.
Defects
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009

Recorder 15 16 13 16 9 10 10 11 10 9 19 11 5
Flying Hours
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009

Recorder 3029 3298 Defect 3178

3354 rate = Defects
3329 * 3416
1000 / monthly
3683 flying
3494 3062 3358 2886 3083 3154
hours
Defect Rate
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009

Recorder 4.9 4.85 3.88 GPL =2.70

5.03 Average of 12 2.72
2.93 3.15 3.27 2.68 6.58 3.57 1.59
months
Good Performance Limit (GPL)
Recorder 3.86
Standard Deviation of auto flight
= 1.24
Alert Level = GPL + sigma
Alert Level
Recorder 5.10
 Alert Level condition:
Above alert level  Red
Between GPL and Alert Level  Amber
Below alert level  Green

Result:
To calculate the Good Performance Limit, we’ve to compare the GPL with the latest month
defect rate. So, in the current case – GPL is fine as its higher then latest Jun 2009 defect rate.
And, Alert level is Green.
 The A310 is equipped with a tricycle type landing gear with direct-action
shock absorbers.
 The LH and RH main gears and the nose gear are retractable under
hydraulic power into wells closed off by gear doors.
 The main gear, like the wing under which it is installed, is specific to the
A310.
 The main gear retracts inboard, the gear structure being housed aft of the
wing spar box.
 Two doors, mechanically linked to the gear structure and following gear
movement at all times, restore the wing lower surface profile.
 Each bogie beam, returned to the aligned position by a pitch damper, is
equipped with 4 tire/ wheel/multidisc brake unit assemblies.
 The bogie beam assemblies are housed in the fuselage adjacent to the
hydraulics compartment.
 The fuselage profile is restored by two doors each operated by a hydraulic
actuating cylinder.
 The nose gear wheels are hydraulically steerable on the ground.
 The nose gear retracts forward into the fuselage mechanically actuating
two small doors which close off the aft part of the well.
 The forward part of the well is closed off by two doors each operated by a
hydraulic actuating cylinder.
 A tail gear protects the structure in the event of excessive nose pitch-up.
 Extension & Retraction

◦ Normal Extension & Retraction

 Control
Sequence Principle
Landing gear retraction safeties

◦ Landing Gear Free Fall Extension

◦ Landing Gear Door Ground Opening

 Indicating & Warning
◦ Provide the following indications for each of the three gears
 Door not up locked (the 2 nose gear doors) : amber DOOR legend
Gear not locked in selected position (disagree) : red UNLK legend
Gear down locked : Green arrow

◦ The following warnings are generated and displayed on the L

ECAM CRT display unit with the associated corrective action:
Incorrect shock absorber or bogie beam configuration in flight.
SYS 1 or 2 gear lock indicating or retraction safety failure
Gear not up locked or down locked
Gear not down locked in approach (< 1000ft)
Gear not down locked in landing configuration
 Indicating & Warning
 Braking
◦ Wheels & Brakes
◦ Anti Skid System
◦ Braking Modes
◦ Auto Brake
◦ Brake Temperature System
◦ Ground Test & Bite
 Braking
 Steering

◦ Nose wheel steering is possible by means of a

servomechanism mechanically controlled from
the flight compartment and powered by Green
hydraulic pressure tapped from the landing
gear extension system via a selector valve.
 Steering
Objective: To calculate the GPL and Alert Level to find out the stability
in the Landing gear.
Defects
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009
Landin 91 76 79 48 45 67 65 30 43 40 90 65 71
g Gear

Flying Hours
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009
Landin 3029 3298 3354 3178 3329 3416 3683 3494 3062 3358 2886 3083 3154
g Gear
Defect rate = Defects * 1000 / monthly flying hours
Defect Rate
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009
Landin 30.0 23.0 23.5 15.1 13.5 19.6 17.6 8.5 14.0 11.9 31.1 21.0 22.5
g Gear
GPL = Average of 12
months
Good Performance Limit (GPL)
Landing Gear 19.11
Standard Deviation of auto flight =
7.02
Alert Level = GPL + sigma
Alert Level
Landing Gear 26.13
 Alert Level condition:
Above alert level  Red
Between GPL and Alert Level  Amber
Below alert level  Green

Result:
To calculate the Good Performance Limit, we’ve to compare the GPL with the
latest month defect rate. So, in the current case – GPL is fine as its higher then
latest Jun 2009 defect rate. And, Alert level is Amber.

Defects Analysis for Quality control

•All wiring checking was carried out and finally BSCU (Brake System Control Unit)
was replaced.
•Wire of Fan motor was found damaged, same repaired
•Connection of supply of fan motor was formed lose