PREPRED BY:

EDWIN LAT, RN
URI ANDRO M. ROBERTO
COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH
 COPAR is a social development approach
that aims to transform the apathetic, poor into
dynamic, participatory and politically
responsive community.
 a collective, participatory, transformative,
liberative, sustained and systematic process
of building people's organizations by
mobilizing and enhancing the capabilities
and resources of the people for the
resolution of their exploitative conditions
(1994 National Rural CO Conference).
COPAR
 A process by which a community
identifies its needs and objectives,
develops confidence to take action in
respect to them and in doing so, extends
and develops cooperative and
collaborative attitudes and practices in
the community (Rose 1967).
COPAR
A continuous and sustained process of
educating the people to understand and
develop their critical awareness of their
existing conditions, working with the
people collectively and efficiently on
their immediate needs toward solving
their long-term problems.
COPAR
A middle ground where the health care
worker and the people need to attain
community organization.
 A liberal freedom of the community
where the people are allowed to
participate in the overall health care
status of their community
COPAR
A transformation force, that enables the
individuals, families and communities to
be responsible for their own health.
 A phenomenon of interest goals and
objectives and the people in their way to
health citizenry.
 COPAR is an important tool for
community development and people
empowerment as this helps the
community workers to generate
community participation in development
activities. COPAR prepares people to
eventually take over the management of
a development program in the future.
COPAR maximizes community
participation and involvement; community
resources are mobilized for health
development services.
1. People, especially the oppressed,
exploited and deprived sectors are
open to change, have the capacity to
change and are able to bring about
change.
2. COPAR should be based on the
interests of the poorest sectors of the
society.
3. COPAR should lead to a self-reliant
community and society.
A PROGRESSIVE CYCLE
OF ACTION-REFLECTION-
ACTION
 Which begins in small, local and
concrete issues identified by the people
and the evaluation and reflection of and
on the action taken by them.
CONSCIOUSNESS-
RAISING
 Through experiential learning is central
to the COPAR process because it
places emphasis on learning that
emerges from concrete action and which
encircles succeeding action.
COPAR IS
PARTICIPATORY & MASS-
BASED
 Because it is primarily directed towards
and biased in favor of the poor, the
powerless and the oppressed.
COPAR IS GROUP-
CENTERED
 And not leader centered. Leaders are
identified, emerge and are tested
through action rather than appointed or
selected by some external force or
entity.
 PRE-ENTRY
 ENTRY
 ORGANIZING
 SUSTENANCE AND STRENTHENING
 PHASE-OUT
Pre- Entry Phase
 THE INITIAL PHASE OF THE
ORGANIZING PROCESS WHERE THE
COMMUNITY ORGANIZER LOOKS FOR
COMMUNITIES TO SERVE OR HELP. IT
IS THE MOST COMPLEX PHASE IN
TERMS OF ACTUAL OUTPUTS,
ACTIVITIES, AND STRATEGIES AND
TIME SPENT FOR IT.
RECOMMENDED
ACTIVITIES:
 STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES, AND
REALIZATION OF COPAR
GUIDELINES.

 LAYING OUT THE SITE CRITERIA.

 SITE SELECTION.
RECOMMENDED
ACTIVITIES:
 MEETING AND COURTESY CALL TO THE
LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT OF THE
SELECTED SITE.

 COURTESY CALL TO THE BARANGAY

LEVEL.

 MEETING W/ THE “WILL BE” FOSTER

PARENTS OF THE HEALTH CARE
STUDENTS.
Criteria for site selection
 IS THE COMMUNITY IN NEED OF
ASSISTANCE?
 DO THE COMMUNITY MEMBERS FEEL NEED
TO WORK TOGETHER TO OVERCOME A
SPECIFIC HEALTH PROBLEM?
 ARE THERE CONCERNED GROUPS AND
ORGANIZATIONS THAT THE NURSE CAN
POSSIBLY WORK WITH?
 WHAT WILL BE THE COUNTERPART OF THE
COMMUNITY IN TERMS OF COMMUNITY
SUPPORT, COMMITMENT AND HUMAN
RESOURCES?
ENTRY IN THE COMMUNITY
AND INTEGRATION WITH
THE PEOPLE
 BEFORE ACTUAL ENTRY INTO THE
COMMUNITY, BASIC INFORMATION
ABOUT THE AREA IN RELATION TO THE
CULTURAL PRACTICES AND LIFESTYLES
OF THE PEOPLE MUST BE KNOWN.

 ESTABLISHING RAPPORT AND

INTEGRATING WITH THEM WILL BE MUCH
EASIER IF ONE IS ABLE TO UNDERSTAND,
ACCEPT OR IMBIBE THEIR COMMUNITY
LIFE.
ENTRY IN THE COMMUNITY
AND INTEGRATION WITH
THE PEOPLE
 LIVING
WITH THE PEOPLE,
UNDERGOING THEIR HARDSHIPS
AND PROBLEMS AND SHARING
THEIR HOPES AND ASPIRATIONS
HELP BUILD MUTUAL TRUST AND
COOPERATION.
 RECOGNIZE THE ROLE AND POSITION OF
LOCAL AUTHORITIES.
 ADAPT A LIFESTYLE IN KEEPING W/ THAT
OF THE COMMUNITY.
 CHOOSE A MODEST DWELLING WHICH
THE PEOPLE, ESPECIALLY THE
ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED WILL
NOT HESITATE TO ENTER.
 AVOID RAISING EXPECTATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE. BE CLEAR W/ YOUR
OBJECTIVES AND LIMITATIONS.
 PARTICIPATE DIRECTLY IN PRODUCTION
PROCESS.
 MAKE HOUSE CALLS AND SEEK OUT
PEOPLE WHERE THEY USUALLY
GATHER.
 PARTICIPATE IN SOME SOCIAL
ACTIVITIES.
ENTRY PHASE
 SOMETIMES CALLED THE IMMERSION
PHASE AS IT THE ACTIVITIES DONE HERE
INCLUDES THE SENTIZATION OF THE
PEOPLE ON THE CRITICAL EVENTS IN
THEIR LIFE, MOTIVATING THEM TO SHARE
THEIR DREAMS AND IDEAS ON HOW TO
MANAGE THEIR CONCERNS AND
EVENTUALLY MOBILIZING THEM TO MAKE
COLLECTIVE ACTION ON THESE.
RECOMMENDED
ACTIVITIES:
 COURTESY CALL TO MAYOR, OR THE
LOCAL GOVERNMENT LEADER OF
THE SELECTED SITE.
 COURTESY CALL TO THE BARANGAY
LEVEL.
 MEETING WITH THE FOSTER
PARENTS.
 APPRECIATING THE ENVIRONMENT.
RECOMMENDED
ACTIVITIES:
 MEETING WITH COMMUNITY
OFFICIALS AND RESIDENTS.
 GENERAL ASSEMBLY.
 PREPARATION OF SURVEY FORMS.
 ACTUAL SURVEY.
 ANALYSIS OF THE DATA GATHERED.
ORGANIZATIONAL-
BUILDING PHASE
 THE FORMATION OF MORE FORMAL
STRUCTURES AND THE INCLUSION OF
MORE FORMAL PROCEDURES OF
PLANNING, IMPLEMENTING AND
EVALUATING COMMUNITY-WIDE
ACTIVITIES. IT IS AT THIS PHASE
WHERE THE ORGANIZED LEADERS OR
GROUPS ARE BEING GIVEN TRAININGS
TO DEVELOP THEIR ASK (ATTITUDE,
KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS) IN
MANAGING THEIR OWN
CONCERNS/PROGRAMS.
RECOMMENDED
ACTIVITIES:
 MEETING WITH THE OFFICIALS.
 IDENTIFYING PROBLEMS.
 SPREADING AWARENESS AND
SOLICITING SOLUTION OR
SUGGESTION.
 ANALYSIS OF THE PRESENTED
SOLUTION.
RECOMMENDED
ACTIVITIES:
 PLANNING OF THE ACTIVITIES.
 ORGANIZING THE PEOPLE TO BUILD
THEIR OWN ORGANIZATION.
 REGISTRATION OF THE
ORGANIZATION.
 IMPLEMENTING OF THE SAID
ACTIVITIES.
 EVALUATION.
SUSTENANCE AND
STRENGTHENING PHASE
 OCCUR WHEN THE COMMUNITY
ORGANIZATION HAS ALREADY BEEN
ESTABLISHED AND THE COMMUNITY-WIDE
UNDERTAKINGS. AT THIS POINT, THE
DIFFERENT COMMITTEES SET-UP IN THE
ORGANIZATION-BUILDING PHASE ARE
ALREADY EXPECTED TO BE FUNCTIONING
BY WAY OF PLANNING, IMPLEMENTING AND
EVALUATING THEIR OWN PROGRAMS, W/
THE OVERALL GUIDANCE FROM THE
COMMUNITY-WIDE ORGANIZARION.
RECOMMENDED
ACTIVITIES:
 MEETING
WITH THE
ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERS.

 EVALUATION OF THE PROGRAMS.

 RE-IMPLEMENTINGOF THE
PROGRAMS. (FOR UNMET GOALS)
RECOMMENDED
ACTIVITIES:
 EDUCATION AND TRAINING.

 NETWORKING AND LINKING.

 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIVELIHOOD
PROJECTS.

 DEVELOPING SECONDARY LEADERS.

PHASE OUT
 THE PHASE WHEN THE HEALTH CARE
WORKERS LEAVE THE COMMUNITY TO
STAND-ALONE. THIS PHASE SHOULD BE
STATED DURING THE ENTRY PHASE SO
THAT THE PEOPLE WILL BE READY TO
FOR THIS PHASE. THE ORGANIZATIONS
BUILT SHOULD BE READY TO SUSTAIN
THE TEST OF THE COMMUNITY ITSELF
BECAUSE THE REAL EVALUATION WILL
BE DONE BY THE RESIDENTS OF THE
COMMUNITY ITSELF.
RECOMMENDED
ACTIVITIES:
 LEAVING THE IMMERSION SITE.

 DOCUMENTATION.
The Community Health Worker
as a Documenter / Reporter
 The community health worker keeps a
written account of services rendered,
observations, condition, needs,
problems and attitude of the client in
community activities, accomplishments
made and, etc.
The Community Health Worker
as a Documenter / Reporter
 Community workers takes responsibility
to disseminate pertinent information to
appropriate authorities, agencies, and
most especially to the client. At the
same time, the community worker
develops the people’s capabilities to
keep/maintain their recording and
reporting system.
 RECORDS – refer to forms on which
information pertaining the client is noted.

 REPORTS - refers to periodic

summaries of the services/activities of
an organization/unit or the analysis of
certain phases of its work.
1. Measure service/program directed to
the clients.
2. Provide basis for future planning.
3. Interpret the work to the public and
other agencies, community.
4. Aid in studying the conditions of the
community.
5. Contributes to client care.