Introduction to

Communication

What is Communication?
The word communicate has been derived
from the Latin word communicare which
means to make common, to share, to
participate, to impart.
Communication is the process by which we
exchange meanings, facts, ideas, opinions or
emotions.
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 COMMUNICATION IS THE ART OF TRANSMITTING

INFORMATION, IDEAS AND ATTITUDES FROM
ONE PERSON
TO ANOTHER. COMMUNICATION IS
THE PROCESS OF MEANINGFUL INTERACTION
AMONG HUMAN BEINGS.

Meaning of
Communication

ITS ESSENCES :

PERSONAL PROCESS
OCCURS BETWEEN PEOPLE
INVOLVES CHANGE IN BEHAVIOUR
MEANS TO INFLUENCE OTHERS
EXPRESSION OF THOUGHTS AND EMOTIONS THROUGH WORDS &

ACTIONS.
TOOLS FOR CONTROLLING AND MOTIVATING PEOPLE.
IT IS A SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL PROCESS.

Purpose of
Communication
To Inform
To Persuade

What are the most common ways

we communicate?

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Classification of
Communication

Interpersonal Communication
Intrapersonal Communication
Public Communication
Mass Communication
Group Communication

Components of
communication

Sender
Message
Channel
Receiver
Response

PROCESS OF COMM.
Channel
Ideation

Sender

Transmission

Decoding

Receiver

Message

Sent

Response

Received

Semantic gap

Feedback
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Sender
The process of communication begins
with a sender, the person who transmits
a message.
Sender creates/originates the message
and encodes the message then it is sent
across communication channel.

Message
A message is any signal that triggers the
response of the receiver.
Messages could be verbal (written or
spoken) or non-verbal (such as body
language, sounds, yawns, appearance).

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Encoding
The sender must choose certain words or non
verbal methods to send a message. This
activity is called encoding.
While encoding a message, one needs to
consider what contents to include, how the
receiver will interpret it and how it may affect
ones relationship.
To encode a message, relevant symbols are
selected and arranged into a pattern to convey
meaning.
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Channel
How will you send your message?
should it be sent via an electronic word
processing system to be read on the receivers
screen or through the printed word or through
graphic symbol on paper
or via the medium of sound.
The choice of channel or medium (Written or
oral) depends on the inter-relationship between
the sender and the receiver.
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Receiver
A receiver is any person who notices and
attaches some meaning to a message.
Both sender and receiver interact within
a common frame of reference.

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Decoding
Even if the message reaches intact to its
intended receiver, there is no guarantee
that it will be understood as the sender
intended it to be.
The receiver must decode it, attaching
meaning to the words and symbols.
Decoding is not always accurate. It
depends upon individual experiences.
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Feedback

When the sender transmits a message, he

expects a response.
The response may be immediate, deferred,
favorable or unfavorable.
Ultimately the receiver reacts or responds to
the message sent by the sender. Whatever the
response of a receiver to a sender is, it is
called feedback.
Feedback is an important component of the
communication process, because ultimately
the success or failure of the communication is
decided by the feedback we get.
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Types of Communication
Downwards Communication : Highly Directive, from Senior to subordinates, to assign
duties, give
instructions, to inform to offer feedback, approval to highlight problems etc.

Upwards Communications: It is non directive in nature from down below, to give

feedback, to inform about progress/problems, seeking approvals.

Lateral or Horizontal Communication: Among colleagues, peers at same level, for

information sharing, for coordination & to save time.
In modern business environment, communication extends beyond written or spoken words to
listened word.
Visual dimension added by T.V., computers has given to new meaning to communication.
COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
Formal Network

Informal Network

Virtually vertical as per chain go command within the

hierarchy.
Free to move in any direction, may skip formal chain of
command. Likely to satisfy social and emotional needs

HIERARCHY LEVEL
Executive Director
Manager

Vice President
A.G.M.

Supervisor 1

Supervisor 2

Manager
Supervisor
Forman

Vertical Comm.

Horizontal Comm.

Supervisor 3

Importance of Effective
Communication in
Business:

Growth in the size of organizations

Growth of trade unions
Growing importance of human relations
Public relations
Technological Advancements
Motivation and morale
Corporate image

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