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Based on KVL
Make use of mesh currents as circuit
variables
A mesh is a loop that does not contain any
other loop within it.
Only applicable to a planar circuit
Planar circuit:
A circuit that can be drawn in a plane with no
branches crossing one another; otherwise non-
planar.
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Mesh Analysis
Planar circuit:
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Mesh Analysis
Non-planar circuit
No way to redraw it and avoid the branches
crossing
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Mesh Analysis without Current
Sources
Given a circuit with n meshes.
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Mesh Analysis without Current
Sources
Example 1: Find v and i.
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Mesh Analysis without Current
Sources
1. Assign mesh currents i1, i2, .. in to the n meshes.
Assume mesh current flows clockwise.
i i1 i 2 eqn . 1
v 12 i
v 12 ( i1 i 2 ) eqn . 2
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Mesh Analysis without Current
Sources
2. Apply KVL to each of the n meshes. Use Ohm’s
Law to express the voltages in terms of mesh
currents.
At mesh 1,
12 2 i1 12 ( i1 i 2 ) 4 i1 0
2 i1 12 i1 12 i 2 4 i1 12
18 i1 12 i 2 12 eqn . 3
At mesh 2,
12 ( i 2 i1 ) 9 i 2 8 3i 2 0
12 i 2 12 i1 9 i 2 3i 2 8
12 i1 24 i 2 8 eqn . 4
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Mesh Analysis without Current
Sources
Solving for the mesh currents,
18 i1 12 i 2 12 eqn . 3
rearrangin g eqn.3,
18 i1 12 12 i 2
i 2 1 . 5 i1 1 eqn . 3 '
substitute eqn.3' in eqn.4,
12 i1 24 (1 . 5 i1 1 ) 8
2 2
i1 A i 0 eqn . 1
3 3
2
substitute i 1 in eqn.3' , i A
3
2 2
i2 1 .5 ( )1 v 12 ( 0 ) eqn . 2
3 3
i2 0 A v 8 V
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Mesh Analysis without Current
Sources
Example 2: Determine I0 .
I0 = -5A
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Mesh Analysis w/out Current Sources
1. Assign mesh currents i1, i2, .. in to the n meshes.
Assume mesh current flows clockwise.
I o i3 eqn . 1
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Mesh Analysis w/out Current Sources
2. Apply KVL to each of the n meshes. Use Ohm’s
Law to express the voltages in terms of mesh
currents.
Around Mesh 1,
20 4 (i1 i3 ) 2 (i1 i2 ) 0
4i1 4i3 2i1 2i2 20
3i1 i2 2i3 10 eqn .2
Around Mesh 2,
2 (i2 i1 ) 8(i2 i3 ) 10 I 0 0
but, Around Mesh 3,
I 0 i3 4 (i3 i1 ) 6 i3 8 (i3 i2 ) 0
2i2 2i1 8i2 8i3 10 i3 0 4 i3 4 i1 6i3 8i3 8i2 0
i1 5i2 9i3 0 eqn .3 2i1 4 i2 9i3 0 eqn .4
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Mesh Analysis w/out Current Sources
Solving for the mesh currents
Mesh Equations:
3i1 i2 2i3 10 eqn.2
i1 5i2 9i3 0 eqn.3
2i1 4i2 9i3 0 eqn.4
Using Cramer's Rule,
45
3, 1, 2 i1 10 14
1, 5, 9 i 0 i1
i 135
I o i3 eqn.1
2 2 14
i3 I o 5 A
2, 4, 9 i3 0 5
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Mesh Analysis with Current
Sources
Two cases to consider:
Case 1: A current source exists only in one
mesh.
Set the mesh current = current source.
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Mesh Analysis with Current
Sources
Properties of super mesh:
Current source in the super mesh provides the
constraint.
Super mesh has no current of its own.
Super mesh requires the application of both KVL
and KCL.
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Mesh Analysis with Current
Sources
Find ia and ib.
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Mesh Analysis with Current
Sources
Case 1: A current source exists only in one
mesh.
Set the mesh current = current source.
ia i1 i2 eqn.1 i1 1 eqn .3
ib i2 i3 eqn.2 i3 4 eqn .4
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Mesh Analysis with Current
Sources
Around Mesh 2,
2 ( i2 i1 ) 6 i2 7 ( i 2 i3 ) 0
but
i1 1 eqn .3
i3 4 eqn . 4
2 ( i2 1) 6 i2 7 ( i2 4 ) 0
2 i2 2 6 i2 7 i2 28 0
i2 2
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Mesh Analysis with Current
Sources
Solving for ia and ib.
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Mesh Analysis with Current
Sources
Example 1: Determine ia, ib and ic.
ia=3.474
ib =0.4737
ic =1.1052
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Mesh Analysis with Current
Sources
Case 2: A current
source exists
between the two
meshes. The 3 A
current source is
between meshes
2 and 3.
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Mesh Analysis with Current
Sources
Example 1: Determine ia, ib and ic.
ia i1 eqn.1
ib i3 eqn.2
ic i2 eqn.3
i1 i2 3 eqn.4
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Mesh Analysis with Current
Sources
Case 2: Create super mesh by excluding the
current source and any elements connected in
series with it.
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Mesh Analysis with Current
Sources
KVL around the supermesh
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Mesh Analysis with Current
Sources
i1 i2 3 eqn.4
2i1 4i2 2i3 6 eqn.5
2i1 4i2 8i3 0 eqn.6
1, 2, 0 i1 3
2, 4, 2 i 6
2
2, 4, 8 i3 0
i a 3.474 A
ia i1 eqn.1
ib 1.1052 A
ib i3 eqn.2
ic 0.4737 A
ic i2 eqn.3
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Nodal Analysis by Inspection
Implemented when
all sources in the
circuit are
independent current
sources.
Convert resistors to
conductors.
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Nodal Analysis by Inspection
Example: By inspection, determine the node-
voltage equations for the circuit.
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Mesh Analysis by Inspection
Implemented when all sources in the circuit
are independent voltage sources.
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Mesh Analysis by Inspection
Example: By inspection, determine the
mesh-current equations for the circuit.
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