Fatony Widianto

C A R D IA C A R R ES T

D efi
nition

Cardiac arrest means that the heart

suddenly stops beating. This is due to a
problem with the heart's electrical system.
Cardiac arrest is not the same as a
heart attack

Causes
Ventricular fibrilation
Ventriculat thacycardia
Dramatic slowing of heart rate due to failure

of itspacemakeror severe heart block

(interference with electrical conduction)
Respiratory arrest
Choking ordrowning
Hypothermia
Sudden loss of blood pressure
Unknown causes

Risk Factors
Coronary artery disease
Heart attack
Cardiomyopathy
Enlarged heart
Congenital heart disease
Heart valves that do not function properly
Conditions affecting the heart's electrical system
Severe metabolic imbalances
Adverse drug effects, such as from drugs to treat abnormal

heart rhythms
Lung conditions
Trauma to the chest
Extensive blood loss
Excessive overexertion in people with heart disorders
Illicit drugs, such ascocaineuse

Sym ptom s
Loss of consciousness
No breathing
No pulse

Prior to cardiac arrest, some people report the

following symptoms or warning signs in the
weeks before the event:
Having chest pain
Feeling weak
Having a pounding sensation in the chest
Feeling faint

D iagnosis

The first person to respond to a cardiac

arrest should check if the person is

responsive.
If the person does not respond, call for
emergency medical services right away
or have someone else call.
If there is an automated external
defibrillator (AED) available, you or
someone else should get it and follow
the steps on the machine.

AED

D efi
brilator

shockable

unshockable

CPR G uideline
First step, call for help.
Check to see if the victim responds. If there is no response, roll the

victim over on to their back.

Place the heel of one hand on the center of the victims chest and the
other hand right on top of the first with fingers intertwined. Now start
pushing down hard and fast ensuring that you are delivering
compressions at least 2 inches deep.
Keep counting as you push down and once you complete 30
compressions move on to the airway.
Tilt the victims head by pushing down the forehead and lifting the chin
to open the airway.
Pinch shut the victims nose using the forefinger and thumb.
Take a normal breath in, not a deep one, and give two breaths while
making sure that your mouth completely covers the victims mouth to
create an air-tight seal. Check to see if the victims chest rises.
Move back to deliver chest compressions and continue the pattern of 30
compressions followed by two breaths until the time medical assistance
arrives or another responder takes over.

TH A N K YO U