Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Biomed
ANATOMY DEPARTMENT
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
08/28/15
Cardiovascular system
Circulatory System
The heart (cor)
System of blood vessel
System of lymphatics
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Heart disease
Malignant neoplasms
Cerebrovascular diseases,
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Pneumonia and influenza
Accidents
Diabetes mellitus
Suicide, nephritis, chronic liver
disease, etc
etc
National Health Statistics,
1999
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Major functions:
Lungs
Deoxygenated
blood
RV
RA
Deoxygenated blood
(CO2 & waste
products)
Oxygenated blood
Pulmonary
circulation
Heart
LA
LV
Systemic
circulation
Oxygenated
blood (O2 &
nutrients)
Whole body
RA=right atrium, LA=left atrium, RV=right ventricle, LV=left ventricle
Vena cava
Veins
Arteries
Heart
Aorta
Circulation
Venules
Arterioles
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The Heart
diaphragm inferiorly
From the sternum and costal cartilages
anteriorly to the bodies of the thoracic
vertebrae posteriorly
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MEDIASTINUM:
1. The superior mediastinum : extends
inferiorly from the superior thoracic aperture to
the horizontal plane (transverse thoracic plane),
contains:
MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM
Boundaries:
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HEART
The wall consist of three layers:
Epicardium: a thin external layer
(mesothelium) formed by the visceral layer
of serous pericardium
Myocardium : a thick middle layer
composed of cardiac muscle
Endocardium: a thin internal layer
(endothelium and subendothelial
connective tissue) or lining membrane of
the heart that also covers its valves
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PERICARDIUM
Double-walled fibroserous sac, encloses the heart and the
EXTERNAL HEART
STRUCTURE
Boundaries:
Apex of the heart
apex beat
Base of the heart----the hearts posterior
aspect
Four surfaces of the heart
Four borders of the heart
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Heart
Divisions:
Four chambers:
- right and left atria
- right and left ventricles
The right atrium:
superior & inferior
vena cava
coronary sinus
The right ventricle:
the largest portion
of the anterior (sternocostal) surface
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INNERVATION OF HEART :
Autonomic
Parasympathetic :
parasympathetic stimulation : slow HR, reduces
heart beat (bradycardia), constric coronary a. ,
saving energy
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Lymphatic plexuses
Lymphatics
Lymph nodes
Aggregations of lymphoid tissue
Circulating lymphocytes