Cyber Physical System

Next Generation Boon

(Energy Conservation)

Manoj S. Kavedia
Sujata. Jadhav

Contents

Already Discussed
Embedded System
Cyber Physical System
CPS-concept Map
Today Problem
Major Energy Loss
Proposed System
ZigBee Technology
Architecture ( System and Tunnel Side)
Testing Codes
Result
Future Work
Conclusion
References

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The Present.....

According to forecasts, future of IT characterized by terms such as

- Disappearing computer,
- Ubiquitous computing,
- Pervasive computing,
- Ambient intelligence,
- Post-PC era,
- Cyber-physical systems.

Basic Technology
Embedded Systems
Communication technologies

The future is embedded, embedded is the future

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Embedded System..
Embedded system: computing systems designed for a specific purpose.
Embedded system = Processor + Communication device + Memory +
I/O
Embedded software is software integrated with physical processes

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(CPS-Cy-Phy)

Cyber Physical Systems

are integrations of computation with
physical processes. [Edward Lee, 2006]

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Cyber Physical System

Cyber computation, communication, and control that are discrete, logical, and
switched
Physical natural and human-made systems governed by the laws of physics and
operating in continuous time
Cyber-Physical Systems in which the cyber and physical systems are tightly
integrated at all scales and levels
Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are physical and engineered systems whose
operations are monitored, coordinated, controlled and integrated by a computing
and communication core.
CPS will transform how we interact with the physical world just like the Internet transformed
how we interact with one another.

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Why Cyber Physical System ?

CPS allow us to add capabilities to physical systems
By merging computing and communication with physical
processes, CPS brings many benefits:
Safer and more efficient systems
Reduce the cost of building and operating systems
Build complex systems that provide new capabilities
Technological and Economic Drivers
The decreasing cost of computation, networking, and sensing
Computers and communication are ubiquitous, enables national
or global scale CPSs
Social and economic forces require more efficient use of national
infrastructure.

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Wireless Everywhere
Social Networking
Voice

Mobile TV
Wireless Internet

SMS

WiFi

Email
Yesterday15 years ago

Millions of wireless devices

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You Tube

Today
Billions of wireless devices

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Wireless Everywhere
Cyber Physical Systems

Internet of Things
Environment
New Devices

Health Care

People to People

People to machines

Tomorrow +15 years

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Energy

Machines to Machines

Trillions of Wireless devices

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Cyber Physical System

Energy Conservation

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Arhcitecture CPS

802.15.4

Sensors

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Major Loss of Energy

1.

Railway Station

2.

Sky walks

3.

Street Light

4.

Express ways Tunnel

5.

Public Places

6.

Vehicle Parking

7.

Malls and Theatres

8.

Many More

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Survey of Tunnel
SrNo

Question

Answer

Length of Tunnel

1.046Km (Mumbai to Pune

1.086Km Pune to Mumbai

2.

Total Number of Lamps

1524 ( 400w , 250 , 70w)

3.

Total Tunnel Consumption

1,00,000 units per month approximately

4.

How many Feed supply this energy

2 feeds
1. Mumbai 2. Panvel Raisoni

5.

Day time Consumption

80% of Total Consumption

6.

Night Time Consumption

20% of Total Consumption

7.

Peak Hours

7-11 AM / 5-9 PM

8.

Any facility of Energy Saving

No

9.

How Cost is Recovered

TOLL

10.

Intensity Control Depending on LUX

SUN Full Intensity 9AM-4PM

Half Sun 80% - 7-9AM and 4-7PM
Moon 20% - 7PM-7AM

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Survey of Tunnel Report

11

Lux inside Tunnel are

.
divided in 5 Zones

1St Zone Threshold

1000Lux 90mts

2nd Zone- 1st- Transition 400Lux 75mts

3rd Zone 2nd Transistion Zone
150 Lux 75mts

4th Zone Interior Zone

60Lux 730 Mts
5th Zone Exit Zone 150Lux
90mts
The project was completed under the stewardship of
the Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation
(MSRDC).

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From Survey
Intensity Control in Tunnel At present
Full Sun
- 9AM-4PM ----100% Intensity
Half Sun
- 7-9AM -- 80%

- 4-7PM -- 80%
Moon
- 7-7Pm -- 20%
1524 Lamps
Approximate Bill - 1,00,000 units - @7.45 Rs 7,45000
Peak hour
- 7-11AM 4hours

5-9 PM - 4hours
Non Peak Hours 11-5Pm(6hours)

9pm-7Am(10hours) (No Major Loss of Energy) but here only 20%

intensity in maintained.
So Major Loss of Energy is in11-5Pm were is less density of traffic and Tunnel
authorities are keeping intensity to FULL SUN ie 100% . Which can be saved.

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Literature Survey
SrNo Papers /Transaction/Journal
1

Zigbee based Wireless Energy Surveillance System for Energy Savings [15]

Intelligent wireless street lighting system [7]

GSM Based Autonomous Street Illumination System for Efficient Power

Management [3]

Electric Power Management Using Zigbee Wireless Sensor Network [21]

Smart Home Energy Management System for Monitoring and Scheduling of Home
Appliances Using Zigbee [13][11]

Zigbee Based Mine Safety Monitoring System With Gsm [17]

http://www.syblusea.com/en/solutions/67.aspx [18]

Remote Monitoring and Controlling System Based on ZigBee Networks [19]

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Today's Problem
Problem
Demand is more and Generation is Less
Since Generation is not be increased
Only way is Conservation

Method of Conservation
1.Use LED Lamps
2.Conservation using Sensors
3.Use Renewable Source

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What is ZigBee Technology?

ZigBee is a wireless technology developed as an open global standard
to address the unique needs of low-cost, low-power wireless M2M
networks.
Operates on the IEEE 802.15.4 physical radio specification and operates
in unlicensed bands including 2.4 GHz, 900 MHz and 868 MHz.
Type of ZigBee Devices
There are three categories of ZigBee devices:

- ZigBee Network Coordinator

- ZigBee Router
- ZigBee End Devices

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Type of Data
Type of Traffic Handled By ZigBee[4]
ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 addresses three typical traffic types.
- Periodic Data
- Intermittent Data
- Repetitive Data
Security in ZigBee[4]
- access controlthe device maintains a list of trusted devices within the
network
- data encryption, which uses symmetric key 128-bit advanced encryption
standard
- frame integrity to protect data from being modified by parties without
cryptographic keys
- Sequential freshness to reject data frames that have been replayedthe
network controller compares the freshness value with the last known value from
the device and rejects it if the freshness value has not been updated to a new
value

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Application of Zigbee
The most promising are:
Home Control: Security, Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning
(HVAC), Lighting control, Access control, Irrigation,
Personal health care: Patient monitoring, Fitness monitoring,
Industrial control: Asset management, Process control, Energy
management, Environmental,
Building automation: Automatic Meter Reading (AMR), Security, HVAC,
Lighting
Control, Access control,
Consumer electronics: Remote control,
PC & peripherals: Mouse, keyboard, joystick,
Environment: Environment monitoring.

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Why ZigBee?
Feature

ZigBee

Bluetooth

IEEE Standard

802.15.04

802.15.01

Application

Control

Mobile Devices

Number of Network Devices

Upto 65000

BitRate

20-250Kbps

720Kbps

Range

Upto 100 m

10m

Battery Life

100-1000 Days

1-7 Days

Complexity

Simple

Complex

Extension

Yes

No

Security

128bit AES

64bit or 128 bit

Time for Network Communication

30milliseconds

10Seconds

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PWM Pulse Width Modulation

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Conclusion
The ZigBee standard builds on the established IEEE 802.15.4 standard for packet
based wireless transport.
ZigBee enhances the functionality of IEEE 802.15.4 by providing flexible, extendable
network topologies with integrated set-up and routing intelligence to facilitate easy
installation and high resilience to failure. ZigBee's wireless connectivity can be installed
easily and cheaply.
Energy savings are of utmost importance today. The goal is, therefore, the reduction of
operating prices of tunnel lighting with the creation of a system characterized by
straightforward installation and low power consumption,
The above approach mentioned above is useful to reduce the power consumed by the
tunnel lights and can also be implemented to other areas where ever necessary. It not
only reduces the consumption but also gives us the control on every end device which
further facilitates error free functioning.
This proposed system may be criticized as being expensive however we must consider
its advantages: slightly higher prices of the lampposts are compensated by lack of
costly wiring and the availability of power network and considerably lower prices of
maintenance (due to central management and reliability of LEDs).

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Proposed Work to be Done in Future

Complete Implementation of near tunnel system interfaced with microcontroller Zigbee Module ,
Sensor ( Light , Traffic Density , Sound , and Additional Sensor for temperature and CarbonMonoxide
Detection
Central computer interfaced system where GSM , Modem , PC and ZigBee will interfaced
Assembly code for Sensing and Transmission of parameter from remote site to central Computer
Assembly code for receiving parameter value and transferring to central computer.
Transmission and reception code for Communication between ZigBee Modules.
High Level Language line VB.net or Csharp.net for Display status of Traffic, Intensity of Light , Level of
Sound.
If Possible Temperature and Level of Carbon Monoxide in tunnel

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References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Chunguo Jing; DongmeiShu; DeyingGu; Design of Streetlight Monitoring and Control System Based on
Wireless Sensor Networks; IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (2011), pp. 57
62
Lee, J.D.; Nam, K.Y.; Jeong, S.H.; Choi, S.B.; Ryoo, H.S.; Kim, D.K.; Development of Zigbee based
Street Light Control System, IEEE Conferences on Power Systems, (2010) , pp. 2236 2240.
Chaitanya Amin; AshutoshNerkar; Paridhi Holani; Rahul Kaul; GSM Based Autonomous Street
Illumination System for Efficient Power Management, International Journal of Engineering Trends and
Technology- Volume4Issue1- 2013, ISSN: 2231-5381
Anshul agarwal; Mukesh Agarwal; Manju Vyas; Richa Sharma; A Study Of Zigbee Technology,
International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN 2321
8169 ,pg 287-292
Online-http://www.zigbee.org/About/AboutTechnology/ZigBeeTechnology.aspx
Fabio Leccese;, Zbigniew Leonowicz; Intelligent wireless street lighting system, Co-sponsored by the
National Science Centre (Narodowe Centrum Nauki) , Poland
Costa, M.A.D.; Costa, G.H.; dos Santos, A.S.; Schuch, L.; Pinheiro,J.R.; , "A high efficiency autonomous
street lighting system based on solar energy and LEDs," Power Electronics Conference, 2009. COBEP
'09. Brazilian , vol., no., pp.265-273, Sept. 27 2009-Oct. 1 2009
Caponetto, R.; Dongola, G.; Fortuna, L.; Riscica, N.; Zufacchi, D.; ,"Power consumption reduction in a
remote controlled street lighting system," Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion,
2008. SPEEDAM 2008. International Symposium on , vol., no., pp.428- 433, 11-13 June 2010
Gao Mingming; Shao Liangshan; The Design of Wireless Smart Home System based on ZigBee, 2010
3rd International Conference on Computer and Electrical Engineering (ICCEE 2010)IPCSIT vol. 53
(2012) (2012) IACSIT Press, Singapore DOI: 10.7763/IPCSIT.2012.V53.No.1.42

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Reference
10. F. Baig; A. Mahmood; N. Javaid; S. Razzaq; N. Khan1; Z. Saleem; Smart Home Energy Management
System for Monitoring and Scheduling of Home Appliances Using Zigbee, J.
11. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 3(5)880-891, 2013, ISSN 2090-4304, pg 880-891
12. Supriya, P., Nambiar, T. N. P., Charu, R., Tyagi, A., Nagadharni, V., & Deepika, M. (2011, December). A
laboratory prototype of a smart grid based demand side management. In Innovative Smart Grid,
Technologies-India (ISGT India), 2011 IEEE PES (pp. 28-31). IEEE.
13. Xiong, G., Chen, C., Kishore, S., & Yener, A. (2011, January). Smart (in-home) power scheduling for
demand response on the smart grid. In Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), 2011 IEEE PES
(pp. 1-7). IEEE.
14. Hwang, I. K., Lee, D. S., & Baek, J. W. (2009). Home network configuring scheme for all electric
appliances using ZigBee-based integrated remote controller. Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions
on, 55(3), 1300-1307.
15. M. Kuzlu, Member; IEEE, M. Pipattanasomporn; Senior Member; IEEE, and S. Rahman; Fellow, IEEE;;
Hardware Demonstration of a Home Energy Management System for Demand Response Applications,
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, VOL. 3, NO. 4, DECEMBER 2012 , pg 1704-1711
16. Soyoung Hwang;Donghui Yu; Remote Monitoring and Controlling System Based on ZigBee Networks,
International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications Vol. 6, No. 3, July, 2012 , pg 35-42
17. IEEE 802.15.4: Wireless medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY)specification for lowrate wireless personal area networks (WPANs)
18. Online-www. cyberphysicalsystems.org

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Next Generation Boon

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