DEFINITION

Living tissue, which makes up the body skeleton.

Hardest structure
possesses a certain degree of toughness and
elasticity.

FUNCTION

Provides shape and support for the body

Site of attachment for tendons and muscles

Protects vital organs

Serves as a storage site for minerals

Provides

the

medium,

the

marrow

development & storage of blood cells.

for

the

DIFFERENCE B/W IMMATURE (WOVEN) AND

MATURE (LAMELLAR) BONE

WOVEN BONE

Immatue
Collagen fibres
oriented in many
directions
Great amount of
interfibrillar space
occupied by mineral
crystals

LAMELLAR BONE

Mature
Direction of collagen
fibres in any given
lamellae lies at right
angles to that of
adjacent lamellae
Less space

DIFFERENCE B/W IMMATURE (WOVEN)

AND MATURE (LAMELLAR) BONE
WOVEN BONE

Matrix in H/E tinged

with blue higher
proteoglycan content
More number of
osteocytes
Can be entirely
removed by
osteoclast

LAMELLAR BONE
Uniform acidophilic
staining
Comparitively less
Only a portion of
lamellar matrix of a
given bone is
resorbed at one time

ALVEOLAR BONE

The alveolar bone may be defined as that process

of the maxilla and mandible that forms and
supports the socket of the teeth

Development of alveolar process:

End of second month of fetal life

Bony septa develops b/w adjacent tooth germs

Alveolar process develops only during eruption of

teeth

During period of rapid growth a tissue may

develop at the alveolar crest that combines
characteristics of cartilage & bone. It is
chondroid bone

called

Alveolar
bone
Alveolar bone
proper
Lamellar
bone

Bundle bone

Supporting alveolar
bone
Cortical
plates

Spongy
bone

Type I

Type II

Alveolar Bone proper :

Thin lamellae of bone that

surrounds the root of tooth &
gives attachment to principle
fibres of PDL.
It consist of Lamellated bone &
Bundle bone

Supporting alveolar bone:

Bone surrounding the alveolar

bone proper & supports the
socket

ALVEOLAR BONE PROPER

Lamellated bone:

Some lamellae are arranged roughly paralell to

surface of adjacent marrow spaces

Others form haversian system

Bundle bone:

It is that bone in which the principle fibres of PDL

are anchored.

Radiographically bundle bone is also referred as

lamina dura

ALVEOLAR BONE PROPER

ABP forming the inner wall of socket is perforated

by many openings for interalveolar nerves and
blood vessels is called as Cribriform Plate

Interdental

&

Interradicular

septa

contains

perforation called Zuckerkandl & Hirschfeld canals

(nutrient canals)

SUPPORTING ALVEOLAR BONE

Cortical Plates:

Consist of compact bone (which form outer

& inner plates of alveolar process)

Bone underlying the gingiva is called

Cortical plate

Both Cribriform plate & cortical plate are

Compact bone & separated by Spongy
bone

SPONGY BONE

Fills the area b/w cortical plates & ABP

Study of roentgenograms permits classification of

spongiosa into 2 main types

Type I Inter dental & Inter radicular trabeculae

are

regular

&

Horizontal

in

ladder

like

arrangement

Eg: mandible

Type II Irregularly arranged numerous delicate

inter dental & inter radicular trabeculae.

SPONGY BONE

Lacks distinct trajectory pattern

More common in maxilla

Marrow spaces in alveolar process may contain

hematopoietic marrow, but usually they contain
fatty marrow

In condylar process, angle of mandible, max

tuberosity & in other isolated foci hematopoietic
cellular marrow is found

CREST OF ALVEOLAR SEPTA

Shape of outline of CAS depends on position of

adjacent teeth

If neighboring teeth is inclined the alveolar crest

is oblique

Cortical bone & alveolar bone meet at the alveolar

crest 1.5 2 mm below the level of CEJ on the
tooth it surrounds

CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Biological plasticity allows tooth movement during

orthodontic forces

Increase

in

Functional

forces

lead

to

bone

formation while decreased forces lead to decrease

in bone volume

During healing of fractures or extraction wounds

embryonic

bone

mature bone

formed

later

replaced

by

Socket after extraction empty

with immature

bone

Visibility in X-ray lags 2 or 3 weeks behind actual

formation of new bone

Causes for bone resorption after tooth loss: Disuse

atrophy,

decreased

blood

supply,

localised

inflammation & unfavorable prosthetic pressure

Surgical procedures like grafting can be done to

stimulate bone formation

THANK
YOU