SCIENCE

8.1 GENERATION OF ELECTRICAL

ENERGY
Prepared by:
Alisha Zubeidah binti Edward Abu Bakar
Fatin Aqilah binti Ishak
Misha Zahraa binti Rozhan
Tengku Kellysya binti Tengku Shah Marudin
Class: 3Jujur
Subject Teacher: Puan Halimatun

INTRODUCTION

We use huge amounts of energy in our daily lives.

For example, some of the types of energy used are heat energy, chemical energy
and electrical energy.

Most of the energy we use is electricity- electrical energy.

This comes from generators in power stations.

DEFINITION OF GENERATOR
Generator is a device used to change mechanical
energy into electrical energy
VARIOUS TYPES OF GENERATORS
The generation of electricity depends on the sources of energy available
Type of electrical energy
generator

Source of energy used

Thermal

Fossil fuel

Hydroelectric

Water power

Gas turbine

Petroleum and natural gas

Diesel

Oil

Nuclear

Uranium

THE GENERATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN

VARIOUS TYPES OF POWER STATIONS
1) Thermal Power Station
) Coal, oil or gas is burnt in the furnace. Then heat energy
released is used to heat water in a boiler.
) The water changes to high-pressure steam.
) The high-pressure steam is used to turn the turbines which are attached to generators.
) Electricity is produced in a generator by spinning an electromagnet inside fixed coils of
wire.
) The condenser changes the steam back to water. Water is pumped back to the boiler.
) Vast amounts of water are needed for the condenser and this can be obtained from a
nearby river or lake.

THE GENERATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN

VARIOUS TYPES OF POWER STATIONS
2) Hydroelectric Power Station
Water is held in a large reservoir.
Running water falls from the dam through a
tunnel to spin the turbine.
The turbine is attached to generators to produce
electricity.
No fuel is needed to supply energy to spin the
generators.

THE GENERATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN

VARIOUS TYPES OF POWER STATIONS
3) Gas Turbine Power Station
Air is sucked into the compressor through an air filter.
The air is then compressed and mixed with natural gas.
The mixture of compressed air and natural gas is forced into the combustion chamber
and ignited by sparks.
Hot gas is produced from the combustion of compressed air and natural gas.
The gas expands and turns the turbine that is attached to the generators.

THE GENERATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN

VARIOUS TYPES OF POWER STATIONS
4) Diesel Engine Power Station
Diesel is used to run the power engine.
The generator is connected to the
diesel engine by a shaft.
The running diesel engine turns the
generator to produce electricity.

5) Nuclear Power Station

Fuel rods containing nuclear fuels such as
uranium and plutonium are used in the reactor.
Fission reactions in the reactor produce energy
that is used to produce high-pressure steam,
which turns the steam turbine.
The steam turbine turns the generators to produce
electricity.

ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY

There are many other alternative sources of energy that can be used to generate
electricity.

Tidal Energy- the flow of water

due to high tide & low tide can
be used to turn the generators

Biomass Energy fast-growing

plants like sugar cane are used
to make alcohol. The alcohol is
used as fuel to generate
electricity on a smaller scale.

Alternative
Sources of
Energy

Solar Energy solar cells

produce electricity when
they absorb energy from
sunlight

Wind Energy large wind

turbines are used to turn
electrical generators

THE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN THE

GENERATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN
VARIOUS TYPES OF POWER STATIONS
SIMILARITIES
All power stations use dynamos or
alternators (generators) to deliver
alternating current

DIFFERENCES
Various types of power stations
Aspect

Thermal

Hydro

Gas

Diesel

Type of
turbine

Steam
turbine

Water
turbine

Gas
turbine

No
turbine

Sources
of energy
used

Fossil
Fuel

Water

Natural
gas

Diesel