BJ Services

Acidizing Products

Printed: 09/01/15

EDC, Tomball, TX

BJ Services
Acidizing Products

Corrosion Inhibitors
Corrosion Inhibitor
Intensifiers
Iron Control Agents
Surfactants
Polymers

Revised

Solvents
Clay & Fines
Stabilizers
Special Production
Chemicals
Diversion
Acid Systems

Slide 2

Corrosion inhibitors

For inorganic acids

For organic acids

Slide 3

CI-11

Specific inhibitor for organic acid and

organic-HF
Use with acetic, formic, and citric acids
Effective to ~400 F (205 C) with acetic
acid and carbon steel and certain chrome
steels
With Cr-steels and formic acid generally
not recommended beyond 250 F
Generally use 1 to 20 gal / 1000 gal acid

Revised

Slide 9

CI-30

Corrosion inhibitor for HCl and HCl-HF

mixtures
Use up to 225 F (107 C) without
intensifiers
Use up to 400 F (205 C) with Hy Temp
410 intensifier for carbon steel
Use up to 350 F (177 C) with Hy Temp
410 intensifier for chrome steels
Contains no EPA priority pollutants
Generally use 5 to 20 gal / 1000 gal acid

Revised

Slide 14

Inhibitor intensifiers

High temperatures
Special alloy tubulars

Slide 15

Iron Control Agents

Include in pickling stage, acid stages

Iron complexing (sequestering) & iron reducing
agents
Iron in tubulars and sometimes in the formation
must be controlled - to prevent re-ppt from
spending acid
Iron reducing agents are important in preventing
sludging in oil well treatments
Iron control is especially important in injection
wells
Solubility and suitability of different iron control
agents vary with acid type and concentration

Revised

Slide 20

Pickling

Generally recommendation: Use 2 bbls of

acid pickling solution per 1000 feet of
tubing
May require higher volume in severely
corroded tubing
Generally use 7.5 to 15% HCl or
RustBuster non-acid pickling solutions

Revised

Slide 22

Pickling
(continued)

Use of surfactants such as S-400 will enhance

acid performance (RustBuster systems already
contain surfactants)
Use of solvents such as Paravan 25 systems or
other aromatics will enhance the removal of
materials such as pipe dope and organic deposits
(Paravan 25 can be added to RustBuster)
Design pickling treatment so that fluid does not
enter the formation
Soaking or circulation may also be required for
effective pickling

Revised

Slide 23

Iron Control Agents

Reducing agents
To maintain iron (Fe) in +2 ionic state
Or to convert Fe(+3) to Fe(+2) state in solution

Sequestering or chelating agents

To maintain dissolved iron in water-soluble
complex form during treatment and recovery

Buffering Agents
To maintain sufficiently low pH of spent acid
keeping dissolved iron in solution

Revised

Slide 24

Acid Additive Categories Surfactants

Water-wetting agent
Non-emulsifier
De-emulsifier
Emulsifier
Foaming agent
Anti-sludge agent

Revised

Suspending agent
Detergent
Acid retarder
Acid gelling agent
Diverting agent
Fluid recovery
additive

Slide 42

BJ Surfactants

Flo-Back additives
Fluid recovery, water-wetting surfactants

Inflo additives
Surface tension reducers, fluid recovery
additives, water-wetting agents, penetrants

LT additives
Wetting agents, suspending agents,
penetrants, paraffin dispersant

Revised

Slide 57

Water-wetting, Flow-enhancement,
and Multi-purpose Surfactants
Flo-Back 20
Flo-Back 30
Inflo -102
Inflo-150
LT-21
LT-32
S-150
S-301
S-350
S-400
PSA-2L
D-4GB (Europe)

Revised

Slide 62

Non-emulsifiers

Revised

Aqua Flow
NE-13
NE-23
NE-110W
NE-118
NE-940
S-350

Slide 73

Polymers

Acid gelling agents

Friction reducers
Fluid loss control agents
Diverters

Revised

Slide 89

Acid Gelling Agents

Acigel
Polyacrylamide gelling agent
Can be used in place of AG-12 in Gelled Acid
systems

AG-12
Gelling agent for Gelled Acid 200

AG-57L
Gelling agent for Crosslinked Acid Systems
XLA III and XLA IV D (delayed crosslink)

Revised

Slide 90

Friction Reducers

FRW-14 (brine or acid)

FRW-15 (fresh water or very light brine only)
Acid gelling agents used as friction reducers
Acigel
AG-12
AG-57L

As friction reducers, gelling agents are more

cost-effective in acid (1-2 gal / 1000 gal)

Revised

Slide 91

Solvents

Mutual solvents
Alcohols
Aromatics
Aliphatics
Terpenes

Revised

Slide 94

Mutual / Micellar Solvent

Optional often beneficial

Miscible in both oil and water due to
polar and non-polar characteristics
Typically glycol or alcohol derivatives
Can be added to acid treatment stages
but preferred as additive in preflush and
overflush stages at elevated temperatures

Revised

Slide 96

Mutual Solvent - Purposes

Reduce near-wellbore water saturation

Maintain a water-wet formation
Strip oil from formation fines enhancing
their reactivity and/or removal
Reduce adsorption or enhance desorption
of potentially permeability-damaging
additives in the formation

Revised

Slide 97

Mutual Solvent Drawbacks

May strip corrosion inhibitor from metal

surfaces requiring increased inhibitor
loading
May reduce stability of foamers,
emulsifiers, and friction reducers
High concentrations can be expensive

Revised

Slide 98

US-2

Mutual solvent for acid requires lower loading

than US-40
Contains ethyleneglycolmonobutyl ether
(EGMBE) plus other oxyalkylated alcohol
Reduces adsorption of surfactants and inhibitors
from acid by maintaining them in solution
Improves water-wetting
Helps prevent emulsions in combination with NEsurfactants
Generally use from 1 to 5% in stimulation fluids

Revised

Slide 99

US-40

EGMBE
Reduces adsorption of surfactants and
inhibitors from acid by keeping them in
solution
Improves water-wetting, helps prevent
emulsions
Generally use from 2 to 10% in stimulation
fluids

Revised

Slide 100

MS-16

Blend of glycols and alcohols

Can be used in same applications as US-2
and US-40
Improves water-wetting
Helps break water blocks
De-emulsification properties
Generally use from 2 to 10% in stimulation
fluids

Revised

Slide 101

Alcohols

IPA use up to 25%

Methanol preferably up to 25%
Help unload spent acid in gas well stimulation
Reduce surface tension of fluids without
adsorbing on formation surfaces (unlike
surfactant)
IPA most effective in reducing surface tension
Avoid alcohol use in oil well acidizing rapid
reaction with HCl above ~185 F (85 C) can
reduce effective HCl concentration while forming
organic chlorides that poison certain refinery
catalysts

Revised

Slide 104

Paravan 25 Systems (Terpenes)

Naturally-occurring solvent(s)
Also contains surfactants
Regional blends exist tailored to the oil and
formation compositions found in the specific
areas of operation (e.g., LAR)
Used in water-based asphaltene removal and
dispersant treatment as Envirosol XS
Used as an additive to any acid stage
Used as an additive to RustBuster pickling
solutions
Generally use in 5% concentration

Revised

Slide 108

Clay Stabilizers

Generally consist of polyquaternary

amines (PQA) or polyamines (PA)
Prevents swelling, migration of clays
Preferable in non-acid water-based
overflush but can also be used in acid
stages
HF acid may reduce clay stabilizer
effectiveness
Generally use 1 to 5 gal / 1000 gal

Revised

Slide 109

Clay Treat-3C

Temporary clay stabilizer in non-acid

solutions
Can be used as a salt substitute (e.g., KCl)
1 gpt performs similarly to 2% KCl in many
formations
More commonly used in hydraulic
fracturing
General loading range: 1 to 5 gal / 1000 gal

Revised

Slide 110

Clay Master-5C

Permanent clay stabilizer

Concentrated, low molecular weight,
cationic quaternary amine polymer
Can be used in acid and fracturing fluids
Will water-wet both sandstone (claycontaining) and carbonate formations
Generally use 1 to 5 gal / 1000 gal

Revised

Slide 111

Fines Stabilizer FSA-1

Water-based organosilane solution

Prevents migration of clay and non-clay
siliceous fines
Additive to acid stages or overflush stage
Can be combined with Clay Master-5C
1-10 gal/1000 gal (5-10 gpt preferred)

Revised

Slide 112

FSA-1 Application

Retards HF if added to HF stage (2% HF or less)

Successful use in acid treatments of gravel packs
and high permeability, high quartz-containing
sandstones
Can be used in stand-alone fines-fixing
treatments (non-acid)
Can be used as a fracturing fluid additive
Can be used as pre-treatment to cyclic steam
injection
Most effective when used in conjunction with
acid treatment

Revised

Slide 113

Mechanical Diverters

Ball Sealers
BioSealers

Revised

Slide 124

Ball Sealers

Conventional Ball Sealers

RCN sinkers and buoyant balls
Various sizes
Most common: 7/8 ball; 1.1 to 1.2 s.g.
in various sizes
Require excess balls and sufficient rate for ball seating
efficiency
Ball injector with remote operator required (200 ball
capacity)

BioSealers
Dissolve at temperature
T-limit depends on injection (extrusion) temperature

Revised

Slide 125

BioSealers

BioSealers
Brown color
Versatile utility in water and acids
Generally use up to 200 F

BioSealers MR
Green color
Use up to ~250 F (121 C) higher if short pump time
Best in water carrier only some acid incompatibility

BioSealers HR
Red color
Generally not recommended
Low solubilities and compatibilities in water, acid, oil

Revised

Slide 126

Chemical Diversion

Primary application in cased and

perforated completions
Some application in openhole / slotted
liner completions

Revised

Slide 128

BJ Chemical Diverters

Rock Salt
Salt Trimix
Divert II
Divert III
Divert VI
Divert VII
Divert VIII
Divert X

Revised

Divert S
FAC-4W
Foam
Clean Block 6000
Clean Block HT
Polymer gels
SAF
SAF Mark II

Slide 129