MOVADEF

SENDERO LUMINOSOS NEW STRATEGY TO INITIATE ANOTHER AGE OF

TERROR

SENDERO LUMINOSO

It started as a political party with a communist ideology.

Based in the junction of three thoughts: Marxist-Leninst-Maoist.

Its goal has been a social revolution which would bring equality between
social classes, and better opportunities for the abandoned peasants in the
rural areas.

Its first name was Partido Comunista del Peru (PCP), which is translated to
English as Peruvian Communist Party; and formed in the 1930s after the
death of Jose Carlos Mariategui, famous Peruvian writer known by being the
one who brought Communism to Peru.

PCP used this name for thirty years, until the 60s when conflicts between
Soviets and Chinese split the party into two groups.

SENDERO LUMINOSO (cont.)

These groups were: PCP-Unidad (or PCP-Unity), supporting URSS, and

the PCP-Bandera Roja (or PCP-Red Flag), supporting China.

Even though both parties were concern with social changes for the
lower class, they had different ways to achieve this goal.

PCP-Unidad wanted to use political means by forming a party with

national-wide influence.

PCP-Bandera Roja followed Maos idea that social changes can only be
done by a internal conflict against the State.

During the division of PCP, Abimael Guzman Reyoso was appointed as

the head of the Regional Committee (CR) of PCP-Bandera Roja.

ABIMAEL GUZMAN REYNOSO

He was born in Arequipa in 1934.

Attended La Salle Catholic School (high school).

Started his studies in Laws and Philosophy in San Agustin National University in
Arequipa. He was attracted by Marx theories and began working as a militant for
the PCP.

In 1962 he was hired as a philosophy professor in the University of Huamanga,

Ayacucho

During the 60s he became the head of the CR of PCP-Bandera Roja, and saw this as
a great opportunity to initiate the revolution was happening in China.

Abusing his position as professor, started clandestine study groups in the University.
Primarily studying the Communist theories of Marx, Lenin and Mao Tsetung.

ABIMAEL GUZMAN REYNOSO (cont.)

His students later on became the top leaders of Sendero Luminoso.

Due to conflict between Guzman and other authorities in the PCP-Bandera Roja, he left the
party.

He get into secrecy and founded Sendero Luminoso (or Shining Path).

He called himself President Gonzalo and sent his students, now philosophy professors, to
several high school, colleges, and universities in rural areas; with the mission of spreading his
ideology, called by himself Gonzalo thought.

This way he could recruit militants for his party, and by the early eighties he had units of SL
soldiers in many cities throughout Peru.

High school and university students were primarily Sendero Luminosos fighting force, while
the older militants dedicated their time to teach young candidates about Communism and the
goals of Sendero.

With Sendero Luminoso birth, an age of terror was about to begin.

SENDERO LUMINOSO AND GUZMAN

With this guerrillas, Guzman could start his war in these campestral areas. Their main
targets were firstly governmental building and authorities, but their war had
repercussions and peasants were affected as well.

They proclaimed that all authorities were corrupted by the general government.

There were some towns that supported them and gave them food and shelter, while
others rejected them and attacked them when seen.

Those towns that rejected their methods were attacked, killing every single member
opposing SL. But they didnt stop there, they began kidnapping children from this
impoverished areas, and stealing money and food.

According to Guzman, he was taking them away of the poisoned State they were
living in.

These attacks were thought to be independent one from another, until Guzman
sent a message to the nation proclaiming the beginning of the armed civil war.

LIST OF THE MAIN ATTAKCS

April 3rd, 1983 SL kills 69 peasants in Lucanamarca (Ayacucho).

During that year they attack the Bayer factory facilities.

1985 SL places bombs on the main gates of the Palacio de Gobierno and
Palacio de Justicia, places where the President and the Supreme Court
occupy respectively, during the visit of the Argentinian President Raul
Alfonsin.

In the same year they attempt against the life of Domingo Garcia Rada who
was president of the Jurado Nacional de Elecciones, entity in charge of the
electoral processes.

1988 SL kills Constantin Gregory, representative of the U.S. Agency of

International Development (USAID).

LIST OF THE MAIN ATTAKCS (cont.)

February, 1992 SL assassinates Maria Elena Moyano in the

neighborhood of Villa El Salvador in Lima by placing dynamite around
her body and making her exploded while people were astonishingly
watching the scene. She was an active fighter against Senderos
methods, and considered to be the protector of that little neighborhood.

July, 1992 they place a combination of dynamite and ANFO, a sort of

chemical component used as insecticide, and place them into a car
making it roll down a street exploding in Tarata St in Lima, After
rescuing the survivor, a list was made when trying to identify the
casualties; the numbers were 25 death, 17 missing people, and more
than 200 wounded.

THE END FINALLY COMES

In the same year when the most cruel and bloody attacks took place, Abimael Guzman Reynoso
is finally captured on September 12 th 1992 in Lima. According to the people he was captured
with, he was planning a huge assault against the president in order to finally take the power.

He was capture after two years of patient following by the Special Intelligence Group (GEI) of the
Direccion Nacional Contra el Eerrorism (DINCOTE), a branch of the Peruvian National Police
(PNP). The GEI assaulted three houses, prior reaching the right one.

They found Guzman, his lover and second in command Elena Ysparraguirre, and four members
of the original group of students Guzman had in the University of Huamanga, they all were
captured without shooting a single bullet.

He was surprised to see Policemen entering his house and did not make any attempt to scape.
He was charged with Terrorism against the State for being the intellectual author of several
attacks which leaded to the death of more than thirty-one thousand people.

A year later, Guzman, in front of two representatives of the Peruvian Government, signed a
document stating that there would be no more terrorist attacks.

MOVADEF

MOVADEF stands for Movimiento por Amnistia y Derechos Fundamentales

(Movement for Amnesty and Fundamental Rights), and is a new strategy of
Sendero trying to get into the political dynamics in Peru.

It is said that Abimael founded this movement when he was having a meeting
with his two lawyers and planning a way to get free by lawful ways.

MOVADEFs main goal is to obtained amnesties for political prisoners, among

them Guzman and his terrorist leaders; furthermore, MOVADEF militants also
follow the doctrine called Gonzalo thought, which is the name of the doctrine
created by Guzman based on the Marxism-Leninism-Maoism thought.

It is basically conformed by young people, between eighteen and twenty-five

years old, who are thought to be by the public opinion unaware of what
tragedies Gonzalo thought brought to Peru.

WORK CITED

Asi fue la captura de Abimael Guzman hace 22 aos. Correo. 12 Sep. 2014. Web. 19
Nov. 2014.

Aguirre, Doris. Dircote: Abimael Guzman fundo el Movadef y lo controla desde la Base
Naval. La Republica. 18 Nov. 2012. Web. 22 Nov. 2014.

La Serna, Miguel. The Corner of the Living: Ayacucho on the Eve of the Shining Path
Insurgency. University of North Carolina Press. Mar. 2012. Web. 29 Oct 2014.

Mason, T. David. Shining Path of Peru. American Political Science Review. 87.2. Jun.
1993: 532+. Academic OneFile. Web. 1 Nov. 2014.

McCarthy, Anamaria. Memoria del Olvido Calle Tarata 16 julio 1992 (Calle Tarata
Informe final de la CVR). Micromuseo. 2007. Web. 20 Nov. 2014.

Principales Datos y Noticias de Sendero Luminoso. ABC.es. 12 Feb. 2012. Web. 19

Nov. 2014.