To study the effects of downhole problem on

torque and drag calculation in directional wells

Presented by:
Nikhil Barshettiwar
ME (Petroleum)
Maharashtra Institute of
Technology, Pune

Contents

Basics of Torque and Drag calculation

Soft string models and Stiff string models
Areal Clearance Factor Calculation
Analysis of results by analytical methods
Introduction to finite element analysis
Contact force calculation
Results
Conclusion

Soft String Model Vs Stiff String

Model
F2 = F1 + We*L + *Fn

F1

Areal Clearance Factor

Central Angle Vs Thickness

200
180

f(x) = 0x^3 - 0.01x^2 + 1.61x

R = 1

160
140
120

Central angle (degree)

Thickness Vs Hole
Angle

100

Logarithmic
(Thickness Vs Hole
Angle)

80
60
40
20
0
0

50

100

150

200

Thickness(mm)

250

Drag Vs Central Angle

f(x) =
R = 0

f(x) = NaN x^NaN

R = NaN

4000
3800
3600

Angle Vs Increase in Drag

3400

Power (Angle Vs Increase

in Drag)
Power (Angle Vs Increase
in Drag)
Power (Angle Vs Increase
in Drag)
Power (Angle Vs Increase
in Drag)
Polynomial (Angle Vs
Increase in Drag)

3200
3000

Increase in drag (lb)

2800
2600
2400
2200
2000
200
0

Angle at the center (degrees)

Power (Angle Vs Increase

in Drag)
Power (Angle Vs Increase
in Drag)
Power (Angle Vs Increase
in Drag)
Logarithmic (Angle Vs
Increase in Drag)
Logarithmic (Angle Vs
Increase in Drag)

Drag (Original Case)

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

2000

4000

Depth (ft)

Exxon Model-Hoisting
Exxon Model-Lowering
3D Analytical Model -Hoisting
3D Analytical model (Lowering)

6000

8000

10000

12000
Hook load (lb)

Drag (10 mm thickness)

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

2000

4000

(Depth,ft)

Exxon model (Hoisting)

Exxon model-(lowering)
3D Analytical Model
(Hoisting)
3D Analytical Model
(lowering)

6000

8000

10000

12000

Hook Load (lb)

Drag (100 mm thickness)

0

50000 100000150000200000250000300000350000400000

2000

4000

Depth (ft)

Exxon Model (Hoisting)

Exxon model (lowering)
3D Analytical model
(hoisting)
3D analytical (lowering)

6000

8000

10000

12000

Hook Load (lb)

Drag (150 mm thickness)

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

800000

2000

4000

Depth (ft)

Exxon Model (hoisting)

Exxon model (lowering)
3D analytical model (hoisting)
3D analytical model (lowering)

6000

8000

10000

12000

Hook load (lb)

Introduction to FEM

Input data for MATLAB Program

1.

Drill string specifications

- Length of drillpipe
- Diameters
- Density of Pipe
- Youngs Modulus
-Poissons ratio

2. Survey data
- Measured depth
- Inclination
- Azimuth
3. Controlling parameters for Wilson-theta method
- Time step
- alpha and beta
-Total steps
-Clearance
- Stiffness
4. Boundary Conditions

nnd=4;
nel=3;
nne=2;
nodof=6;
eldof=nne*nodof;
%%nodes coordinates X and Y %%%
geom=zeros(nnd,1);
geom=[0.;a.;b.;c.];
%%element connectivity%%%
connec=zeros(nel,2);
connec=[1 2;2 3;3 4];
%%geometrical properties%%%
%%prop(1,1)=E; prop(1,2)=I
prop=zeros(nel,2);
prop=[200000 200e6;200000 200e6;200000 200e6];
%%%Boundry conditions%%%
nf=ones(nnd,nodof);
nf(1,1)=0; nf(1,2)=0;
nf(2,1)=0;
nf(3,1)=0;
nf(4,1)=0; nf(4,2)=0;
%%counting the no. of degrees of freedom%%%
n=0;
for i=1:nnd
for j=1:nodof
if nf(i,j)~=0
n=n+1;
nf(i,j)=n;
end
end
end
%%%%Internal Hinges%%%
Hinge=ones(nel,2);
%%loading%%%
Joint_loads=zeros(nnd,2);
%%%Enter here the forces in X and Y directions at node i
Element_loads=zeros(nel,4);
Element_loads(1,:)=[-1.e4 -1.e7 -1.e4 1.e7];
Element_loads(2,:)=[-1.e4 -8.333e6 -1.e4 8.3333e4];
%%%%%End of Input %%%%%%

Solution for FEA using Newmark-Beta Method

Steps involved in FEM
1. Setting up matrices [M], [K] and [C]
2. Initialize {X}, {X} and {X}
3. Selection of time steps t , calculating and
4. Forming effective stiffness matrix
5. Calculating effective force vector
6. Solving for Displacement matrix at t+t
7. Calculating Velocity and Acceleration matrix

Contact Force

9/3/15

REFERENCE-ANSYS Mechanical APDL

Rotordynamic

17

Results
Force (lb)
Depth (ft)

Force(lb), 10mm

Force(lb),100mm

Force(lb),150 mm

Hoisting

Lowering

Hoisting

Lowering

Hoisting

Lowering

Hoisting

Lowering

5801.894

95818.86

93271.26

96648.72

94079.05

140567.7

136830.4

290027.4

282316.2

5898.293

94335.02

91994.88

95152.03

92791.62

138390.9

134957.9

285536

278452.8

5994.003

92861.82

90727.5

93666.07

91513.26

136229.7

133098.6

281076.9

274616.7

6089.32

91397.35

89454.88

92188.91

90229.63

134081.3

131231.7

276644.2

270764.7

6184.899

89929.98

88174.68

90708.83

88938.33

131928.7

129353.6

272202.7

266889.7

6280.642

88460.55

86890.7

89226.68

87643.23

129773

127470

267755

263003.3

Results
50000
5500

150000

250000

350000

5600
5700
Force (10mm-Hoisting)

5800
Depth (ft)

Force (10mm-lowering)

5900

Force (100mm-Hoisting)

6000

Force (100mm-lowering)

6100

Force (150mm-Hoisting)

6200

Force (150mm-lowering)

6300
6400
Force (lb)

Increase in drag linearly with increase in bed thickness

Base case value is 2000 lb assume for calculations. Increase in drag for
10mm, 100mm and 150mm are obtained as 2017.321 lb, 2934.031 lb and
6037.383 lb respectively.

Conclusion
Analytical model gives exaggerated results since it assumes the complete drillstring is
in contact with the cutting bed.
Finite Element Analysis with help of contact analysis can improve the results because
it takes stiffness of drillstring into account, hence the increase amount of drag wherever
contact force is occurring.
There is always fold increase in torque and drag due to accumulation of cuttings bed.
The amount of increase in drag due to this can reduce the efficiency of equipments.

References
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Conference held in Dallas, Texas, 3-6 March 1998
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Friction Modern applied science , Vol.4 No.2 February 2012
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chemical and Petroleum engineering, Calgary, Alberta, March 2013)
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IADC/SPE drilling conference held in Dallas, Texas, USA,2-4 March 2004
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THANK YOU