Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2
Individual
Behavior,
Personality, and
Values
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Personality
Personality
Values
Values
Situational
Situational
factors
factors
Motivation
Motivation
Self-concept
Self-concept
Perceptions
Perceptions
Emotions
Emotions &&
attitudes
attitudes
Stress
Stress
Ability
Ability
Individual
Individual
behavior
behavior and
and
results
results
Role
Role
perceptions
perceptions
2-2
Employee Motivation
M
M
A
A
S
S
BAR
BAR
R
R
2-3
Employee Ability
M
M
A
A
S
S
BAR
BAR
R
R
2-4
Role Perceptions
to accomplish tasks
M
M
A
A
S
S
BAR
BAR
R
R
2-5
Situational Factors
S
S
BAR
BAR
R
R
2-6
Types of Individual
Behavior
Task Performance
Organizational
Citizenship
more
2-7
Types of Individual
Behavior (cont)
Counterproductive
Work Behaviors
Joining/staying with
the Organization
Maintaining Work
Attendance
2-8
Defining Personality
behaviors
Some variability, adjust to suit the situation
2-9
Influenced by Nature
Heredity explains about 50 percent of
Influenced by Nurture
Socialization, learning
Personality stabilizes throughout
adolescence
Executive function steers behavior
guided by our self-concept
2-10
Five-Factor Personality
Model (CANOE)
Conscientiousness
Conscientiousness
Organized, dependable
Agreeableness
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
Neuroticism
Anxious, self-conscious
Openness
Openness to
to Experience
Experience
Creative, nonconforming
Extraversion
Extraversion
2-11
Extraversion
Linked to sales and mgt performance
Related to social interaction and persuasion
Agreeableness
Effective in jobs requiring cooperation and
helpfulness
Openness to experience
Linked to higher creativity and adaptability to change
2-12
Jungian Personality
Theory
2-13
Talkative
Externallyfocused
Assertive
Sensing (S)
Concrete
Realistic
Practical
Thinking (T)
Logical
Objective
Impersonal
Getting
energy
Perceiving
information
Making
decisions
Judging (J)
Organized
Scheduleoriented
Closure-focus
Orienting to the
external world
Introversion
(I)
Quiet
Internallyfocused
Abstract
Intuitive (N)
Imaginative
Future-focused
Abstract
Feeling (F)
Empathetic
Caring
Emotion-focused
Perceiving
(P)
Spontaneous
Adaptable
Opportunityfocus
2-14
Myers-Briggs Type
Indicator (MBTI)
Perceiving information
Sensing uses senses, factual, quantitative
Intuition uses insight, subjective experience
others
2-16
2-17
Conservation -- motivation to
preserve the status quo
Self-enhancement -- motivated by
self-interest
Self-transcendence -- motivation to
promote welfare of others and
nature
2-18
situation
2. Situation allows/encourages values enactment
3. Mindful of our values
2-19
In Search of Congruent
Values
Scott Reed (far right) and his siblings joined the Chick-filA restaurant chain because its strong family values were
compatible with their personal values. Chick-fil-As core
values line up well with mine, says Reed.
.
2-20
In Search of Congruent
Values
Utilitarianism
Individual
Rights
Distributive
Justice
Fundamental entitlements
in society
2-22
Supporting Ethical
Behavior
Ethics training
Ethics hotlines
2-23
Cross-Cultural Values at
Infosys
Infosys Technologies, one of
Indias largest technology
companies, anticipated crosscultural differences when it
acquired an Australian company.
Infosys held seminars where
employees from both countries
learned about their cultures and
discussed how they can manage
employees with these different
values.
2-24
Individualism
High Individualism
USA
Italy
India
Denmark
Taiwan
Low Individualism
2-25
Collectivism
High Collectivism
Italy
Taiwan
India
Denmark
USA
Low Collectivism
2-26
Power Distance
High Power Distance
Malaysia
Venezuela
Japan
USA
Denmark
Israel
sharing
view relationship with boss as
interdependence, not
dependence
2-27
Uncertainty Avoidance
High U. A.
Greece
Japan
and uncertainty
value structured situations and
direct communication
Italy
USA
uncertainty
Singapore
Low U. A.
2-28
Achievement-Nurturing
Achievement
Japan
assertiveness
competitiveness
materialism
China
USA
France
Chile
High achievement
orientation
Sweden
Nurturing
2-29
Chapter
2
Individual
Behavior,
Personality, and
Values