Introduction of statcom

objective
Today changing electric power systems create a
growing need for Reliability, flexibility, fast
response and accuracy.
Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems
are new devicesemanating from recent innovative
technologies that are maintain altering voltage
phase angle

EXISTING SYSTEM
In power system, real power and reactive
power is controlled by the voltage and phase
angle difference between the sending end
and receiving end respectively. Impedance of
the transmission line can also be used to
control real and reactive power. Flexible AC
Transmission Systems (FACTS) are used to
improve the power transfer capability of
transmission line.

Different fact devices

THYRISTOR CONTROL REACTOR

THYRISTOR SWITCHED CAPACITOR
STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR
THYRISTOR SWITCHED SERIESCOMPENSATOR
STATIC COMPENSATOR
SELF COMMUTATED COMPENSATOR
UNIFIED POWER FLOW CONTROLLER

Benefits of devices
INCREASE THE CAPABILITY OF LOADING OF
LINES TO THEIR THERMAL CAPABILITES
INCREASE THE SYSTEM SECURITY
THROUGHT RISING THEIR
TRANSIENTSTABILITY LIMIT
CONTROL OF POWER FLOW AS ORDERED
REDUCE REACTIVE POWER FLOW

 static synchronous compensator, is a

regulating device used onac
currentelectricity transmission networks. It is
based on apower electronics voltage-source
converter and can act as either a source or
sink of reactiveAC power to an electricity
network. If connected to a source of power it
can also provide activeAC power It is a
member of theFACTSfamily of devices.

Structure of Statcom

STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator)

Connection block Diagram

Components of Statcom

Voltage-Source Converter (VSC)

DC Capacitor
Inductive Reactance (X)
Harmonic Filters

Square-wave Inverters using

Gate Turn-Off Thyristor
GTO-based STATCOM Simple
Diagram

What is GTO
A gate turn-off thyrisistor (GTO) is a special
type of thyrisistor, which is a high-power
semiconductor device. It was invented at
General Electric. GTOs, as opposed to normal
thyrisistors are fully controllable switches
which can be turned on and off by their third
lead, the GATE lead.

Diagrams

Main Advantages
CONTINUOUS AND DYNAMIC
VOLTAGECONTROL
HIGH EFFICIENCY
HIGH DYNAMIC VERY FAST RESPONSE
TIME
SINGLE PHASE CONTROL FOR
UNBALANCED LOADS
REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION

Why this device is used

The static synchronous compensator
(STATCOM) is increasingly popular in power
system application. In general, power factor
and stability of the utility system can be
improved by STATCOM. Specifically

Continue.!
Voltage support and control
Voltage fluctuation and flicker mitigation
Unsymmetrical load balancing
Power factor correction
Active harmonics cancellation
Improve transient stability of the power
system

Statcom vs. SVC

The STATCOM has the ability to provide more
capacitive reactive power during faults, or when
the system voltage drops abnormally, compared
to ordinary static var compensator. This is
because the maximum capacitive reactive power
generated by a STATCOM decreases linearly with
system voltage, while that of the SVC is
proportional to the square of the voltage. Also,
the STATCOM has a faster response as it has no
time delay associated with thyristor firing.

Phase diagram

System of Statcom
When operating as a pure STATCOM (without losses or
SMES attached) the generated voltage is exactly in
phase with the AC system voltage. If the generated
voltage is greater that the terminal voltage then the
device will supply VARs (i.e. is capacitive) to the
system. If the internal voltage is less than the terminal
voltage, the device will absorb VARS (i.e. is inductive)
from the system. The control system of the STATCOM
is extremely fast and therefore can rapidly change the
magnitude (and phase) of the electronically generated
voltage.

Diagram

Characteristics of Statcom

Ultra dynamic response (<10ms)

No steps
Ind. + cap. Capabilities
Low harmonics no filters required
Cheaper than SVC below 50MVAR