Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Concrete:
Infusing
Infusing Bacteria
Bacteria into
into Engineered
Engineered Cementitious
Cementitious
Composite
Composite
(Mondal, 2012)
Introducto
ry
Informatio
n
SelfHealing
Bacterial
Concrete
ECC
Objectives
Hypothesis
D+ by ASCE
(ASCE, 2013)
Introducto
ry
Informatio
n
SelfHealing
Bacterial
Concrete
ECC
Objectives
Hypothesis
Vulnerable to degradation
Diffi cult to repair
7% of carbon footprint
(James, 2013)
( Te x t u r e l i b . c o m )
Introducto
ry
Informatio
n
SelfHealing
Bacterial
Concrete
ECC
Objectives
Hypothesis
What is Self-Healing
Calcium carbonate
crystalizes in the
matrix
Water dissolves
calcium hydroxide
Healing agents
consumed
Cant heal cracks
larger than 100-200
m ( J o n k e r s & S c h l a n g e n , 2 0 0 8 )
Concrete Cover
Steel
(Breugel, 2007)
Introducto
ry
Informatio
n
SelfHealing
Bacterial
Concrete
ECC
Objectives
Hypothesis
Bacterial Concrete:
A Novel Approach to Self-Healing
(DeMuynck, 2007)
Introducto
ry
Informatio
n
SelfHealing
Bacterial
Concrete
ECC
Objectives
Hypothesis
Introducto
ry
Informatio
n
SelfHealing
Bacterial
Concrete
ECC
Objectives
Hypothesis
90% recovery of
Resonant
Frequency
(Li, 2011)
Cracks < 20 m
healed ( L i , 2 0 1 1 )
( Pa n o r a m i o . c o m )
Introducto
ry
Informatio
n
SelfHealing
Bacterial
Concrete
ECC
Objectives
Hypothesis
Objectives
Investigate infusion of bacteria into ECC
1. Hybrids healing capabilities
2. Healing in fi eld environments vs.
laboratory
3. Compressive strength and amount of water
absorbed (sorptivity) testing
Introducto
ry
Informatio
n
SelfHealing
Bacterial
Concrete
ECC
Objectives
Hypothesis
Hypotheses
H01
B a ct er i a l -E C C w on t sh ow a ddit ion a l h ea l i n g
H1
B a ct er i a l -E C C w i ll sh ow gr ea t est h ea lin g
H02
L a b h ea l i n g = fi eld h ea l in g
H2
H03
H3
lo w est s or p t i v i t y
M
My
y R
Ro
o ll e
e
M
Ma
a tt e
e rr ii a
a ll s
s
S
Sp
pe
ec
c ii m
me
en
n
P
P rr e
ep
pa
a rr a
a tt ii o
on
n
E
En
nv
v ii rr o
on
nm
me
en
n
tt s
s
R
Re
es
so
on
na
an
n tt
F rr e
F
eq
qu
ue
en
nc
cy
y
Te
Te s
s tt ii n
ng
g
C
Co
om
mp
p // S
So
o rr p
p
Te
Te s
s tt ii n
ng
g &
&
S
S tt a
a tt s
s
(Kaplan, 2013)
M
My
y R
Ro
o ll e
e
M
Ma
a tt e
e rr ii a
a ll s
s
S
Sp
pe
ec
c ii m
me
en
n
P
P rr e
ep
pa
a rr a
a tt ii o
on
n
E
En
nv
v ii rr o
on
nm
me
en
n
tt s
s
R
Re
es
so
on
na
an
n tt
F rr e
F
eq
qu
ue
en
nc
cy
y
Te
Te s
s tt ii n
ng
g
C
Co
om
mp
p // S
So
o rr p
p
Te
Te s
s tt ii n
ng
g &
&
S
S tt a
a tt s
s
Materials
Sporosarcina
pasteurii
Cul tivation
30C Shaking
table
24h
petri dish
Repeated i n vat
Bacteria
Culturing
Solid media
Ye a s t : 2 . 0 0 g
Ammonium sulfate
(NH4)2 SO4: 1.00g
Tr i s ( H O C H 2 ) 3 ( C N H 2 ) :
1.57g
Agar: 2.00g
Liquid media
Ye a s t : 2 0 . 0 0 g i n
400mL
Ammonium sulfate:
10.00 g in 300mL
5.73 g of tris in
300mL
Nutrient
Mediums
(Kaplan, 2013)
C h a n g e s t o Fo r m u l a :
Less superplasticizer
W/C = 0.395
Amounts
Cement: 446.39g
F110 silica
sand:446.05g
Polyvinyl alcohol
( P VA ) fi b e r s : 1 1 . 9 0 g
Wa t e r / m e d i u m :
178.90g (with 1.6g of
super plasticizer for
ECC)
Mix
M
My
y R
Ro
o ll e
e
M
Ma
a tt e
e rr ii a
a ll s
s
S
Sp
pe
ec
c ii m
me
en
n
P
P rr e
ep
pa
a rr a
a tt ii o
on
n
E
En
nv
v ii rr o
on
nm
me
en
n
tt s
s
R
Re
es
so
on
na
an
n tt
F rr e
F
eq
qu
ue
en
nc
cy
y
Te
Te s
s tt ii n
ng
g
C
Co
om
mp
p // S
So
o rr p
p
Te
Te s
s tt ii n
ng
g &
&
S
S tt a
a tt s
s
Specimen Preparation
Cubes
5.08 x
5.08 x
5.08
cm
Beams
30.48 x
2.54 0x
2.54 cm
( K a p l a n , 2 0(1K3a)p l a n , 2 0 1 3 )
Bisecti on
12.7x2.54x2. 54 cm
M
My
y R
Ro
o ll e
e
M
Ma
a tt e
e rr ii a
a ll s
s
S
Sp
pe
ec
c ii m
me
en
n
P
P rr e
ep
pa
a rr a
a tt ii o
on
n
E
En
nv
v ii rr o
on
nm
me
en
n
tt s
s
R
Re
es
so
on
na
an
n tt
F rr e
F
eq
qu
ue
en
nc
cy
y
Te
Te s
s tt ii n
ng
g
C
Co
om
mp
p // S
So
o rr p
p
Te
Te s
s tt ii n
ng
g &
&
S
S tt a
a tt s
s
Environments
1.
3.
(Kaplan, 2013)
2.
E x p o s e d
D r y, l i t t l e
rainfall
(Angel, 2013)
L a b o r a t o r y
Control
Lime water
30C
Underground
Buried 21.6 cm
Re-saturated
M
My
y R
Ro
o ll e
e
M
Ma
a tt e
e rr ii a
a ll s
s
S
Sp
pe
ec
c ii m
me
en
n
P
P rr e
ep
pa
a rr a
a tt ii o
on
n
E
En
nv
v ii rr o
on
nm
me
en
n
tt s
s
R
Re
es
so
on
na
an
n tt
F rr e
F
eq
qu
ue
en
nc
cy
y
Te
Te s
s tt ii n
ng
g
C
Co
om
mp
p // S
So
o rr p
p
Te
Te s
s tt ii n
ng
g &
&
S
S tt a
a tt s
s
(Kaplan, 2013)
M
My
y R
Ro
o ll e
e
M
Ma
a tt e
e rr ii a
a ll s
s
S
Sp
pe
ec
c ii m
me
en
n
P
P rr e
ep
pa
a rr a
a tt ii o
on
n
E
En
nv
v ii rr o
on
nm
me
en
n
tt s
s
R
Re
es
so
on
na
an
n tt
F rr e
F
eq
qu
ue
en
nc
cy
y
Te
Te s
s tt ii n
ng
g
C
Co
om
mp
p // S
So
o rr p
p
Te
Te s
s tt ii n
ng
g &
&
S
S tt a
a tt s
s
C o m p r e s s i v e St r e n g t h
48 h re-drying
Fo r n e y Q C - 0 4 1 0 - D 3 p o i n t l o a d f r a m e
Stats
T- t e s t
Independent
Pa i re d
1-tailed
Pearsons R
= 0.05
General
Tr
Tr e
en
nd
ds
s
Healing by
Ty
Ty p
pe
e
H
He
ea
a ll ii n
ng
g b
by
y
E
En
nv
v ii rr o
on
nm
me
e
nt
Sorptivity
R
Re
es
su
u ll tt s
s
C
Co
om
mp
p rr e
es
ss
s ii v
v
e
e S
S tt rr e
en
ng
g tt h
h
Results
Self-Healing Beams
Conclusion
s
s
General
Tr
Tr e
en
nd
ds
s
Healing by
Ty
Ty p
pe
e
H
He
ea
a ll ii n
ng
g b
by
y
E
En
nv
v ii rr o
on
nm
me
e
nt
Sorptivity
R
Re
es
su
u ll tt s
s
C
Co
om
mp
p rr e
es
ss
s ii v
v
e
e S
S tt rr e
en
ng
g tt h
h
Results
Conclusion
s
s
Damage-Healing Correlation
Laboratory Environment
Linear (Laboratory
Environment)
Underground Environment
Linear (Underground
Environment)
Exposed Environment
Linear (Exposed
Environment)
General
Tr
Tr e
en
nd
ds
s
H
He
ea
a ll ii n
ng
g b
by
y
E
En
nv
v ii rr o
on
nm
me
e
nt
Healing by
Ty
Ty p
pe
e
Sorptivity
R
Re
es
su
u ll tt s
s
C
Co
om
mp
p rr e
es
ss
s ii v
v
e
e S
S tt rr e
en
ng
g tt h
h
Results
Conclusion
s
s
6%
4%
2%
0%
ECC
ECC+ Medium
ECC + Bacteria
Type
General
Tr
Tr e
en
nd
ds
s
H
He
ea
a ll ii n
ng
g b
by
y
E
En
nv
v ii rr o
on
nm
me
e
nt
Healing by
Ty
Ty p
pe
e
Sorptivity
R
Re
es
su
u ll tt s
s
C
Co
om
mp
p rr e
es
ss
s ii v
v
e
e S
S tt rr e
en
ng
g tt h
h
Results
Conclusion
s
s
Environmental Testing
14%
12%
10%
8%
R.F % Increase
6%
4%
2%
0%
Control
Exposed
Underground
Environment
General
Tr
Tr e
en
nd
ds
s
Healing by
Ty
Ty p
pe
e
H
He
ea
a ll ii n
ng
g b
by
y
E
En
nv
v ii rr o
on
nm
me
e
nt
Sorptivity
R
Re
es
su
u ll tt s
s
C
Co
om
mp
p rr e
es
ss
s ii v
v
e
e S
S tt rr e
en
ng
g tt h
h
Results
Conclusion
s
s
Sorptivity Testing
Absorption Rate
OPC-R-A
OPC-R-B
OPC-R-C
OPC-M-A
OPC-M-B
OPC-M-C
OPC-B-A
OPC-B-B
OPC-B-C
General
Tr
Tr e
en
nd
ds
s
Healing by
Ty
Ty p
pe
e
H
He
ea
a ll ii n
ng
g b
by
y
E
En
nv
v ii rr o
on
nm
me
e
nt
Sorptivity
R
Re
es
su
u ll tt s
s
C
Co
om
mp
p rr e
es
ss
s ii v
v
e
e S
S tt rr e
en
ng
g tt h
h
Results
Conclusion
s
s
ECC-R-B
ECC-R-C
ECC-M-A
ECC-M-B
ECC-M-C
ECC-B-A
ECC-B-B
ECC-B-C
ECC-R
ECC-M
ECC-B
General
Tr
Tr e
en
nd
ds
s
H
He
ea
a ll ii n
ng
g b
by
y
E
En
nv
v ii rr o
on
nm
me
e
nt
Healing by
Ty
Ty p
pe
e
Sorptivity
R
Re
es
su
u ll tt s
s
C
Co
om
mp
p rr e
es
ss
s ii v
v
e
e S
S tt rr e
en
ng
g tt h
h
Results
Conclusions
H 1 con fi rm ed
H 0 2 s erendipitou sly con fi rm ed in par t
Proof of con cept for bacter ial-E CC
Fu t u r e i n q u i r i e s : m o r e s o p h i s t i c a t e d m e t h o d s
Conclusion
s
s
Acknowledgments
I would like to thank my mentor, Dr. Paramita
Mondal, her doctoral candidates, Pete Stynoski and
Bin Zhang along with graduate student Jeevaka
Somaratna, my science research advisors: Mr. David
Keith, Mr. Ken Kaplan, and Ms. Stephanie Greenwald,
and lastly my parents: Dr. Howard Kaplan and Ms.
Jennifer Lacks Kaplan, my stepmother: Janet Shimer,
and my grandfather: Dr. Sanford Lacks.
References
References
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