Professional Documents
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Numerical Control
Objectives
Understand the principle of numerical control
Explore the various modes of operation
of
numerical control
Elements that are required for the successful
operation numerical control
Discuss the application of numerical control in
the industry
Understand the advantages and disadvantages
of adopting numerical control
Look at a few of the practical NC machines
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Numerical control
Numerical
PART DRAWING
PAPER
TAPE READER
PART PROGRAM
PROGRAM
TAPE
CONTROLLER
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Data flow
MACHINE
CONTROL
UNIT
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SPINDLE
MOTOR
TABLE
SLIDE
MOVEMENT
FEEDBACK
DEVICE
MOTOR SIGNAL
MCU
FEEDBACK SIGNAL
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Controlling
Positioning
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Machine Tools
The machine tools perform the useful work.
A machine tool consists of.
A worktable,
One or more spindles, motors and controls,
Cutting tools,
Work fixtures, and.
Other auxiliary equipment needed in the machining
operation.
The
Machine Control
Unit
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D
P
U
4
1
POWER
C
L
U
Adopter
End Mill
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Advantages of NC
Parts
15
Limitations of NC
The
16
G02 Circular
interpolation,CW
Computer
Numerical Control
CNC Introduction
C+
NC= CNC
NC with dedicated computer is known as CNC
Software controlled
MCU of CNC is based on a dedicated microcomputer
Saves time
CNC Consists of
Memory
- RAM: Operating
System
- ROM: Part
Program
Central
Processing
Unit
(CPU)
I/O Interface
- Operator Panel
- Tape reader
System
bus
Machine Tool
Control
- Position Control
- Spindle Control
Sequence Control
- Coolant
- Tool Changer
- Automatic Chucking
CNC Features
Direct Numerical
Control
DNC=
Direct NC or Distributed NC
Developed in 1960s
Controlling number of machine tools by a single
main frame computer through direct connection
and in real time
MCUs of Individual Machines were free from punched
tape reader
MCUs are connected to Main frame computer by BTR:
Behind tape reader
Central Computer supplied one block of instruction to
MT each time on demand.
2 way communication between central computer & MT
Components
of Direct
NC:
Central Computer
Bulk Memory
Central
Number of MTs
Computer
Communication links
MT1
MT2
MCU
Bulk
memory
NC
Programs
Telecommunication lines
MCU
MCU
MT3
Advantages
High reliability
Elimination of tape & tape reader
Control no. of MTs with single computer
Improved computational capabilities
Improved prog. storage
Limitations
No alternative way of prog. Entry in case of Central
Comp. Failure
Slow compared to Distributed NC
Distributed Numerical
Control
Central
MTs
MCUs are computer themselves
Central
Computer
uploads
complete
program in MCU on demand
2 way communication
Data & information flow
Can have variety of configuration
(a) Switching network
(b) LAN
DNC
Computer
MC
U
MT
MC
U
Data
Switching
Box
MC
U
MC
U
MT
MC
U
MT
DNC: Switching
Network
MT
MT
DNC
Computer
Satellite
Computer
Satellite
Computer
MC
U
MT
MC
U
MT
MC
U
MT
DNC: LAN
MC
U
MT
SAMPLE
CNC MACHINES
CNC TURNING
CNC Programming
CNC Axes
+Z
+X
Tool at (25, 35)
G00 X0 Z35
G00 X0 Z0
CNC 1
CNC 2
CNC Drill
CNC MILLING
AXIS - Standards
Co-ordinate system
Designating the axis
CNC 3
CNC 4
ME 474:M M M (Adaptive control Machining) Dr B S Prasad, Asst.Prof, Mech Dept
CNC 5