Prof.

Dawod Ilyas Butt

 Reasons of road accidents : A case study of Lahore
 Muhammad Umer Naeem
I.D. 074132-019

 Furqan Saleem
I.D 060234-036

 Asif Rafique Bhatti

I.D. 084232-044

 Saleem Shahzad
I.D. 074132-033
 
 The past few years show that increase in the road
accidents giving a red signal for public safety on road.
 Past 5 years there is an alarming increase in the

accidents.
 play our role in the investigation of the reasons and

factors that causes the road accidents in terms to secure

the public safety.
 Causes of bike and car accidents in urban
areas: A case study of Lahore.
 To understand the factors that causes accidents.

 To determine the main factors that provokes fast

driving.

 To understand the after effects of road accidents in the

public.
 Sample Design
The data will be collected from males and
female individuals (sampling elements). The
process involves the following steps:
 
 Target Population
 
The target population includes people living
in urban areas of Lahore; the data include
people living in specific areas i.e.
Drivers of bikes and cars
 Tools
SPSS

 Limitation

o Urban areas of Lahore

o Drivers of Cars and bikes
o Females between the age of 21 to 35
Age Intention during drive
  
Male, Female Weather

Skill Level Use of seat belts

Vehicle condition Side mirror

Mode of driving Traffic rules

Attitude problem Drive for need or drive for

enjoyment
 i) Fun in Driving and Gender:
First of all we see that if there is any relationship
between gender and fun in driving. For this purpose we
will make hypotheses and then run cross tabs in the
SPSS on the collected data.

 Ho = There is no significant relationship between

gender and fun in driving
 H = There is significant relationship between
1
gender and fun in driving
 Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig.

(2-sided)

2.739a 4 .602
Pearson Chi-
Square
4.251 4 .373
Likelihood Ratio
55
N of Valid
Cases
 We see that if there is any relationship between fun in
driving and different levels of age. For this purpose we
will make hypotheses and then run cross tabs in the
SPSS on the collected data.

 Ho = There is no significant relationship between fun

in driving and Age levels
 H = There is significant relationship between fun in
1
driving and Age levels
 Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 25.492a 12 .013

Likelihood Ratio 31.403 12 .002

Linear-by-Linear Association 6.436 1 .011

N of Valid Cases 55

From the above chi-square test we can see that chi-square significance
value (p-value) is less than alpha (0.10) so we have sufficient evidence
to reject Ho and we will accept H1; that there is a significant
relationship between fun in driving and Age levels and we are 90%
sure about it.
 We see that if there is any relationship between safety
measure and frequent accidents. For this purpose we
will make hypotheses and then run cross tabs in the
SPSS on the collected data.

 Ho = There is no significant relationship between

safety measure and frequent accidents
 H = There is significant relationship between safety
1
measure and frequent accidents
 Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 25.642a 12 .012

Likelihood Ratio 23.820 12 .022

Linear-by-Linear Association 1.374 1 .241

N of Valid Cases 55
 We see that if there is any relationship between fast
speed and frequent accidents. For this purpose we will
make hypotheses and then run cross tabs in the SPSS
on the collected data.
 H = There is no significant relationship between
o
fast speed and frequent accidents
 H = There is significant relationship between fast
1
speed and frequent accidents
 Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 22.717a 16 .122

Likelihood Ratio 23.054 16 .112

Linear-by-Linear Association .173 1 .677

N of Valid Cases 55

From the above chi-square test we can see that chi-square significance value (p-value) is not
less than alpha (0.10) so we have not sufficient evidence to reject Ho at 90% level of
confidence. This implies that there is no as such significant relationship between fast speed
and frequent accidents.
 We see that if there is any relationship between
awareness of traffic rules and frequent accidents. For
this purpose we will make hypotheses and then run cross
tabs in the SPSS on the collected data.

 Ho = There is no significant relationship between

awareness of traffic rules and frequent accidents 
 H1 = There is significant relationship between
awareness of traffic rules and frequent accidents
 Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 19.476a 16 .245

Likelihood Ratio 21.895 16 .147

Linear-by-Linear Association .614 1 .433

N of Valid Cases 55

From the above chi-square test we can see that chi-square significance value (p-value)
is not less than alpha (0.10) so we have not sufficient evidence to reject Ho at 90% level
of confidence. This implies that there is no as such significant relationship between
awareness of traffic rules and frequent accidents.
 We see that if there is any relationship between awareness
of traffic rules and obedience of traffic rules. For this
purpose we will make hypotheses and then run cross tabs in
the SPSS on the collected data.

 Ho = There is no significant relationship between

awareness of traffic rules and obedience of traffic rules

 H1 = There is significant relationship between awareness

of traffic rules and obedience of traffic rules
 Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 38.670a 16 .001

Likelihood Ratio 34.007 16 .005

Linear-by-Linear Association 11.240 1 .001

N of Valid Cases 55

From the above chi-square test we can see that chi-square significance value (p-value) is less
than alpha (0.10) so we have sufficient evidence to reject Ho and we will accept H1; that there
is a significant relationship between awareness of traffic rules and obedience of traffic rules
and we are 90% sure about it.
 We see that if there is any relationship between accidents
caused by respondents and violation of traffic rules. For this
purpose we will make hypotheses and then run cross tabs in
the SPSS on the collected data.

 Ho = There is no significant relationship between accidents

caused by respondents and violation of traffic rules

 H1 = There is significant relationship between accidents

caused by respondents and violation of traffic rules
 Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 21.723a 20 .356

Likelihood Ratio 18.272 20 .570

Linear-by-Linear Association .715 1 .398

N of Valid Cases 55

From the above chi-square test we can see that chi-square significance value (p-value) is not
less than alpha (0.10) so we have not sufficient evidence to reject Ho at 90% level of
confidence. This implies that there is no significant relationship between accidents caused by
respondents and violation of traffic rules.
 We see that if there is any relationship between
accidents caused by others and high beam lights. For
this purpose we will make hypotheses and then run
cross tabs in the SPSS on the collected data.
 H = There is no significant relationship between
o
accidents caused by others and high beam lights

 H1 = There is significant relationship between

accidents caused by others and high beam lights
 Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 23.166a 15 .081

Likelihood Ratio 17.985 15 .263

Linear-by-Linear Association 4.948 1 .026

N of Valid Cases 55

From the above chi-square test we can see that chi-square significance value (p-value) is
less than alpha (0.10) so we have sufficient evidence to reject Ho and we will accept H1;
that there is a significant relationship between accidents caused by others and usage of high
beam lights and we are 90% sure about it.
 We see that if there is any relationship between accidents caused
by respondent and driving under influence of medicine. For this
purpose we will make hypotheses and then run cross tabs in the
SPSS on the collected data.
 Ho = There is no significant relationship between accidents
caused by respondent and driving under influence of medicine

 H1 = There is significant relationship between accidents caused

by respondent and driving under influence of medicine
 Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 7.684a 20 .994

Likelihood Ratio 8.571 20 .987

Linear-by-Linear Association .033 1 .857

N of Valid Cases 55

From the above chi-square test we can see that chi-square significance value (p-value) is not less than
alpha (0.10) so we have not sufficient evidence to reject Ho at 90% level of confidence. This implies that
there is no significant relationship between accidents caused by respondent and driving under the
influence of medicine.
 viewing billboards. For this purpose we will make hypotheses
and then run cross tabs in the SPSS on the collected data.

 Ho = There is no significant relationship between accidents

caused by respondent and viewing billboards

 H1 = There is significant relationship between accidents

caused by respondent and viewing billboards
 Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 18.198a 20 .574

Likelihood Ratio 15.568 20 .743

Linear-by-Linear Association .859 1 .354

N of Valid Cases 55

From the above chi-square test we can see that chi-square significance value (p-value) is
not less than alpha (0.10) so we have not sufficient evidence to reject Ho at 90% level
of confidence. This implies that there is no significant relationship between accidents
caused by respondent and viewing billboards
 We see that if there is any relationship between accidents
caused by respondent and listening high volume music. For
this purpose we will make hypotheses and then run cross
tabs in the SPSS on the collected data.
 Ho = There is no significant relationship between
accidents caused by respondent and listening high
volume music
 H1 = There is significant relationship between accidents
caused by respondent and listening high volume music
 Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 21.586a 20 .363

Likelihood Ratio 21.710 20 .356

Linear-by-Linear Association .862 1 .353

N of Valid Cases 55

From the above chi-square test we can see that chi-square significance value (p-value) is
not less than alpha (0.10) so we have not sufficient evidence to reject Ho at 90% level of
confidence. This implies that there is no significant relationship between accidents
caused by respondent and listening high volume music.