FLOORING

GUIDED BY:
AR. MAHENDRA SONAWNE

SUBMITTED BY:
SHWETA JATHAR
KALYANI JAISWAL
KHYATI BHAGAT
SHWETA GAIKWAD
AMRUTA MALI

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WHAT IS FLOORING:

FLOORING IS A GENERAL TERM FOR A PERMANENT COVERING OF A FLOOR.

FLOORING SYSTEMS ARE BUILDINGS PRIMARY HORIZONTAL PLANES WHICH MUST

SUPPORT BOTH LIVE LOADS i.e., PEOPLE, FURNISHINGS AND MOVABLE EQUIPMENT AND
DEAD LOADS i.e., THE WEIGHT OF THE FLOOR CONSTRUCTION ITSELF.

FLOOR SYSTEMS MUST TRANSFER THEIR LOADS HORIZONTALLY ACROSS THE SPACE TO
EITHER BEAMS AND COLUMNS OR TO THE BEARING WALLS.

FLOORING SYSTEMS MAY BE COMPOSED OF SERIES OF LINEAR BEAMS AND JOISTS

OVERLOAD WITH A PLANE OF SHEATHING OR DECKING OR IT MAY CONSIST OF NEARLY
HOMOGENEOUS SLAB OF REINFORCED CONCRETE.

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1. TYPES OF FLOORING:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

TIMBER
STONE
TERRAZZO
CORK
LINOLEUM
MUD
FLAGSTONE
CONCRETE
MOSAIC
TILES
GLASS
PLASTIC
PVC
BRICKS
RUBBER

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TERRAZO FLOORING:

TERRAZO IS A FLOORING MATERIAL TRADITIONALLY MADE

BY EXPOSING MARBLE CHIPS ON THE SURAFCE OF
CONCRETE AND THEN POLISHING SMOOTH

HOWEVER TERRAZO IS NOW AVAILABLE IN TILE FORM.

ITS OFTEN USED IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS BECAUSE ITS LONG

LASTING AND CAN BE REFINISHED REPEATEDLY.

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DEFECTS:

CRACKS

DISCOLORATION

SCRATCHES

SEALANT FAILURE

WEAR

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DECORATIVE TERAZOO FLOORING:

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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TERAZOO FLOORING?

ADVANTAGES:

DISADVANTAGES:

1. UNIQUE BEAUTY

1. TERRAZZO IS QUITE SLIPPERY

2. ELEGANCE

2. EXPENSIVE

3. LONGETIVITY

3. NEEDS DKILLS FOR INSTALLATION

4. COMFORTABLE UNDER FEET

4. POLISHING NEEDED FOR MAINTAINING THE

LOOK

5. CONTROLS NOISE

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STONE FLOORING IS A TYPE OF FLOORING IN WHICH THE FLOOR IS COVERED WITH

STONE SLABS OR STONE TILES

USED IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS BECAUSE OF ITS DURABILITY AND HARDNESS.

THERE ARE THREE BASIC TYPES OF ROCKS FROM WHICH WE CARVE OUT STONE
FLOORS.

1. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
2. IGNEOUS ROCKS
3. METAMORPHOUS ROCKS

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TYPES OF STONE FLOORING:
MARBLE FLOORING:

VARIOUS COLOURS DEPENDING ON ORIGIN.

FINE AND PROSPEROUS LOOKING FLOORS.

MAINLY

USED

IN

HOMES

FLOORING REASON.

EXPENSIVE FLOORING.

AVAILABLE IN DIFFERENT SIZES.

PRICE- 120-600 Rs per sq. feet.

FOR

INTERIOR

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TYPES OF STONE FLOORING:
slate FLOORING:

Can be used in homes for outdoor flooring

reasons.

Very hard in nature,

Variety of colours.

Extremely durable.

Slip-resistant.

Available in different sizes and shapes.

Price-15-18rs per sq. feet.

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TYPES OF STONE FLOORING:
granite FLOORING:

Granite

is

composed

of

quartz

and

feldspur mixed with particles of mica.

Coarse grained and light coloured.

Long life and easy to install.

Granite floors are being used in areas

which are used everyday.

Available in different sizes.

Prices-30-100rs per sq. feet.

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Installation process:

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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF stone FLOORING?

ADVANTAGES:

DISADVANTAGES:

1. Very hard in nature

1. Formation of cracks.

2. Extremely durable

2. Regular washing and cleaning

3. Variety of colours

3. Weight of material

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Introduction:

Timber flooring is any product

manufactured from

timber that is designed for use as flooring either

structural or aesthetic.

Common choice as a flooring material due to its

environmental profile, durability and restorability.

Used in interiors as well as exteriors.

Divided in two categories:

1. Solid
2. engineered

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applications:

Usually laid in interiors, (bedroom, living are, dining area,

kitchen) and bathroom excluding the wet areas.

Used in skirting.

Nowadays timber planks are widely used in exteriors.

cost:

Ranges from rs.60 to rs.600 per sq. feet.

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Finishes:

Wood floor finishes: wood floor finishes are very

popular as they are durable, water resistant, and require
minimal maintenance. These are blends of synthetic
resins.

Most popular modern finishes for wood flooring are oil

modified urethane and water based polyurethane.

Water based: appear clear and will resist turning yellow

overtime.

They have a mild odour when applied and will dry in 2-3
hours.

Water based finishes are very durable.

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Finishes:

Oil based:

Appear amber in colour.

They have a moderate odour when applied and will dry

in about 8 hours.

Produces sheen appearance of the floor.

Manufacturers:

Major distributors of wooden flooring includes china,

Germany, Malaysia.

The cheapest of them all is from china naming span

dealing in oak and merbau.

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advantages:

Easy maintenance:

1. If taken care of it lasts for many years despite of much traffic in use.
2. Easier to clean and get harder as they age which makes them even easier to clean.
3. Doesnt dust mites.
.

Durability:

1. Solid hardwood is among the hardest lasting of all flooring types. With today's
flooring finishes, these floors are also water resistant.
.

Variety:

1. These are also easy to match to nearly any home style and design.
2. There are a lot of styles, colours, and species of timber flooring available than ever before.
3. Hardwood timber floors will always look good both in contemporary and traditional interior
design.

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disadvantages:

May scratch:

1. A hardwood floor finish is susceptible to scratching from traffic or pet-nails.

.

Full bath installation not recommended:

1. It is sensitive to humidity and the potential to cooling water.

2. Water from tabs and showers can cause hardwood floors to buckle or warp.
.

Limited below grade installation:

1. Not recommended for below grade installation due to sensitive to humidity. These
floors perform better in humidity controlled environments.

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Introduction:

The mixture of cement sand and aggregate is called plain cement concrete(p.c.c.)

Plain cement concrete composition 1:2:4 (cement;sand:stone) by volume.

Types of cement concrete floors:

Non-monolithic or bonded floor finish.

Monolithic floor finish

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Introduction:

The mixture of cement sand and aggregate is called plain cement concrete(p.c.c.)

Plain cement concrete composition 1:2:4 (cement;sand:stone) by volume.

Types of cement concrete floors:

Non-monolithic or bonded floor finish.

Monolithic floor finish

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Components/ ingredients:

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Why use plain cement concrete?

They are economical as they require negligible maintenance cost.

They can be finished with a pleasing appearance.

Provide a smooth and non-absorbent surface.

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Installation Process:

Preparation of sub-base:

1. Filling of earth is done

2. 10-15 cm thick coarse sand.

Laying of base concrete:

1. Usually of cement concrete or lime concrete

2. 7.5-10cm thick
.

Laying of topping:

1. Area is divided into rectangular or square sections

2. Finally a layer of cement concrete is applied on the top.

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Defects:

Freeze thaw effect:

1. Concrete is very strong in compression but relatively weak in tension

2. It can and often does crack

Chemical attack:

1. Chemical attack can occur because concrete is alkaline and chemically reactive.

Crazing:

1. This is a network of very small surface cracks usually spreading out over large areas or
the entire surface.
.

Scaling:

1. Thin flakes of concrete come loose and flake or peel off the surface.

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advantages:

They are hard and durable.

Provide a smooth and non absorbent surface.

They are more fire resistant.

They provide more sanitary surface as they can be cleaned and washed easily.

They are economical as they require negligible maintenance cost.

disadvantages:

Defect once developed cannot be easily rectified.

Does not provide heat and sound insulation.

It cannot be satisfactorily repaired by patch work.

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Brick flooring:

Floor that has brick/brick tile as its covering.

The flooring is done by laying of bricks down in a bed of mortar and arranged in pattern.

Commonly used in alluvial places, where stone is scarce and well burnt bricks of good quality
are readily available.

1.

ware houses

2.

Stores

3.

Godowns

4.

Places where heavy articles are stored.

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Patterns in brick flooring:

The brick flooring may be done with bricks laid flat, or on edge arranged in hearing-bone
pattern, or set at right angles to the walls.

Brick-on edge is preferred to brick laid flat, because the former being less liable to crack
under pressure than the latter and also having the higher depth gives a greater thickness in
the former case to resist the moisture penetration

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Patterns in brick flooring:

Characteristics:

The low maintenance requirements of brick flooring make it very popular in kitchens.

Durability: brick is one of the hardest and most durable flooring materials available . It
requires little or no maintenance , an installation can last for years.

The tile is set in such a way that when it is installed it is very difficult to detect a repeating
pattern in the surface.

This picture makes it clear that brick flooring is not confined to squares and rectangles.

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Patterns in brick flooring:

Sizes:

Bricks are available in a range of thicknesses . 40mm to 100mm

For domestic use, the 50mm to 6o mm units are suitable

Road construction- 80 mm thick units.

Airports and freight yard: 100mm thick units

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Patterns in brick flooring:

Method of construction:

The earth filling is properly consolidated.

10cm thick layer of dry clean sand is evenly laid.

10cm thick layer of lime concrete (1:4:8) or lean

cement concrete(1:8:16) is laid compacted and
cured to form a base concrete.

Well soaked bricks are laid in cement mortar (1:4)

in any desired bond pattern

Eg: herring bond , diagonal bond or any other

suitable bond

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Patterns in brick flooring:

Method of construction:

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Patterns in brick flooring:

Applications:

Primarily used for architectural purposes but now

used in commercial complexes, parking areas and
community centres. These pavers are offered in
various designs and sizes.

Defects:

Cracks can occur as defects in brickwork that can

occur in due to:

1. ground movement
2. Accident
3. Thermal movement
4. Brick rot

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merits:

Cheaper than mozaic flooring, wooden flooring,

cement concrete flooring

Provides a non slipperyand fire resistent surface

Easily repairable

Tough, durable and sufficiently hard.

Easy maintenance

easy to construct

Demerits:

Slightly uneven when laid

The resulting surface is not smoothand is rough.

Water absorbant.

Installation requires use of toxic materials

Carpet

Insulates against drafts

Decreases noise

More comforting feel

Quality

Pile (nap): visible surface of carpet

Density: how close the tufts are made together, more important than depth

Heat setting

Twist

Depth

Carpet Fibers
95% made of manufactured fibers

Nylon:

Polypropylene (olefin):

most popular,

strong,

durable,

nonabsorbent,

easy to maintain,

resists stains and static,

limited colors

colorfast,

cheap,

crushes easily,

limited colors,

heat sensitive

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Carpet Fibers
Polyester blend (PET)

Wool:

made from recycled plastics,

soft

moth sensitive

resists stains and fading

durable

shrinkage

long lasting

allergies

expensive

hard to clean

Acrylic:

feels and looks like wool,

low static level,

resists mildew,

subject to pilling

Carpeting Textures / Categories

Cut Pile
Formal looking plush, velvet, smooth, may flatten

Saxony
Similar to cut but yarns have been twisted more giving
less formal appearance

Frieze
Informal, curly texture, shows minimal marks

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Carpeting Textures / Categories
Level Loop

Loops are all same height, may have flecks of darker color,
durable

Multi-level Loop

Two or three loop heights, sculpted or embossed effect, good

in high traffic areas

Cut and Loop Pile

Sculptured effect from some looks cut and some braided,

very durable

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Backing or Cushion

Extends life of carpet

Shock absorber
Less than thick