Vit Ting Anh Hc Thut

T chc lp vit bo khoa hc ng trn tp ch

quc t (4)

(Biotechnology)
Kha Thi c
i hc Y Dc TP H Ch Minh Gim c trung tm vit bo khoa hc bng
ting Anh

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw

Tiu s c nhn
Kha Thi c (Ted Knoy) dy vit ting Anh k
thut trong cc trng i hc i Loan hn hai
mi nm. ng l tc gi ca mi bn cun sch
v vit ting Anh k thut v chuyn nghip. ng
thnh lp mt trung tm vit ting Anh ti trng i
hc Y Yunpei ng thi cng l ging vin ton thi
gian ti trng. ng chnh sa trn 55,000 bi
vit cho vic ng bo nghin cu khoa hc t nm
1989. ng l cng nh bin tp ting anh cho mt s
tp ch v khoa hc, k thut v y hc ca i Loan.

A. Nn tng (Background)

Thit lp cc xut nghin cu (Setting of research proposal): M t

mt xu hng ph bin, pht trin hoc hin tng trong lnh vc ca bn
ngi c c th hiu c bi cnh m bn xut nghin cu ang
c thc hin .

Vn nghin cu (Research problem) : M t cc hn ch chnh hoc

tht bi ca cc nghin cu trc y hoc cc phng php nghin
cu khi gii quyt cc xu hng, pht trin hoc hin tng nu .

c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu (Quantitative

specification of research problem): nh lng hoc a ra mt v d v
vn nghin cu c trch dn trong ti liu tham kho trc .

Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu (Importance of research

problem) : M t cc hu qu v mt l thuyt v thc t nu khng gii
quyt vn nghin cu.

B. Thc hin (Action)

Mc tiu nghin cu (Research objective) : M t mc tiu ca nghin

cu xut ca bn v bao gm cc c im chnh ring bit ca
nghin cu t c mc tiu nghin cu , iu m khng c
thc hin trong nghin cu trc y ( mt cu )

Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu (Methodology to

achieve research objective) : M t ba hoc bn bc chnh t
c mc tiu nghin cu ca bn .

Kt qu d kin ( Anticipated results) : M t cc kt qu nh lng

m bn hy vng s t c trong nghin cu ca bn.

ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin (Theoretical and

practical contribution to field) : M t cch thc phng php hoc
kt qu nghin cu xut ca bn s ng gp v mt l thuyt trong
lnh vc nghin cu, quy lut v cng ng gp thit thc trong sn
xut, ngnh cng nghip dch v.

V d 1: Biotechnology
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Widely distributed in aquatic environments,
bacteria in the genus Vibrio are considered autochthonous bacteria in marine
and estuarine waters. Capable of causing infection in humans, some Vibrio
species have been isolated from a variety of intestinal and extraintestinal sites.
Specifically, this bacteria can cause gastroenteritis in humans. PCR method is
the conventional means of detecting the target with the tdh gene or trh gene, in
which the specificity in the chromosome of V. parahaemolyticus gene of
chitinase can be used as the detection marker.
Vn nghin cu However, this method is inefficient (NOTE: inefficient in
terms of what? SPECIFY).
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu For instance, PCR
method requires seven days to authenticate the results. However, the PCR
method can be used as long as the effect can be authenticated. The molecular
biology method is an effective means of authenticating the results efficiently.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to detect the target with
the tdh gene or trh gene more efficiently will lead to a higher incidence of food
poisoning in humans from aquatic foods, with an especially high incidence
during the spring season.

V d 1 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should develop a PCR-based
molecular biology method to identify a particular gene of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
rapidly.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, this gene in a
chromosome can be extracted from bacteria. Amplification of this gene can be
achieved by using the PCR method. PCR-based assays can then be made by
preparing all of the genomic DNAs of the strains in Tris-EDTA buffer (TE; pH
8.0)according to previous literature. Next, the purity and the amount of DNA in each
preparation can be estimated colorimetrically, with the DNAs subsequently stored at
4C until further use. Additionally, whether germs can be found in seafood can be
determined using the PCR method.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the proposed PCR-based molecular biology method
can rapidly identify the presence of marine bacteria in the early stages.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin In addition to providing quick results
with a high degree of sensitivity, the proposed method can yield rapid and accurate
results to detect Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the environment.

V d 2: Biotechnology
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Gene expression requires that
many proteins interact with a regulated element. However, modulation
of gene expression has not been thoroughly investigated, making it
impossible to determine the period and location of gene expression.
Vn nghin cu However, expression of the same gene in a
diverse cell can be regulated based on different expressions
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu and, thus,
cannot be expressed 100%.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to thoroughly
understand the mechanism of distinct gene expression makes it
impossible to understand how this unique mechanism affects embryo
development.

V d 2 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should elucidate the
mechanism of gene expression in a cell owing to the importance of
acquiring genes in a cell for embryo development.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, the
regulatory role of a gene in the upstream as promoter and enhancer can be
analyzed by adopting molecular cloning methods. Next, the identified gene
can be linked with a regulating gene to clarify how gene expression sites
are regulated.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, analysis results can clarify the mechanism
of gene expression in cells and regulation of tissue-specificity genes.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Results of this study can
provide a valuable reference for efforts to develop a therapeutic method of
gene expression for patients with genetic defects.

V d 3: Biotechnology
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu While consisting of dispersed oil
globules containing small aqueous droplets, water-in-oil-in-water double
emulsions (W/O/W) are extensively adopted in many product areas,
including drug-delivery systems, cosmetics and food processing.
Vn nghin cu Although the internal phase is a perfect pool to
protect active matter, double emulsion is a thermodynamically unstable
system with a strong tendency for coalescence, flocculation and
creaming.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu Therefore,
most double emulsions form a large droplet, making long-term storage
impossible and release of the active matter uncontrollable.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu In practice, in addition to
that double emulsion prepared with a monomeric emulsifier cannot
provide long-term storage, a polymeric emulsifier can enhance the
adsorbability of active matter, thus offering more stable conditions and
release of properties in double emulsions.

V d 3 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should attempt to stabilize the
inner/outer emulsion and reduce the droplet size by using a polymeric emulsifier,
thus enhancing the stability of double emission.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, W/O/W emulsions
can be prepared using the two-step emulsification method. As the first step in
emulsification, ordinary W/O emulsion can be provided with a hydrophobic
polymeric emulsifier as the surfactant. W/O/W dispersion can then be provided, in
which the W/O emulsion is mixed within an aqueous solution of hydrophilic
polymeric emulsifier as the surfactant.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, analysis results can indicate that small double
emulsion droplets can be obtained with long-term stability, along with prolonged
release of the active matter achieved as well.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Designed for use as a vaccine
system, the emulsion droplets can produce a secondary immune response to the
antigen after a single injection, thus enhancing the antibody response.

V d 4: Biotechnology
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Despite the effectiveness of surface
plasma resonance (SPR) as a biosensor, localized surface plasma
resonance (LSPR) is more sensitive despite the fact that fabrication
methods are only in preliminary stages.
Vn nghin cu A conventionally adopted SPR is glass coated with a
thin gold film on top. The proteins are self-assembled on the thin gold film.
However, SPR is not as sensitive as LSPR, and is more expensive as well.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu For instance, a
conventionally adopted SPR has a detection limit of 100pM. However, LSPR
can detect a sample concentration for 40nM. Moreover, LSPR is 50% less
expensive than SPR.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to advance LSPR
fabrication methods makes it impossible to detect samples with a low
concentration.

V d 4 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should develop a novel fabrication
method for the conventionally used SPR as an alternative to a localized growth
nanoparticle method adopted to fabricate LSPR.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, a gold seed with a
diameter of 13nm can be created using a hotplate. ATPMs (3-(2-Aminoethylamino)
propyltrim ethoxysilane) can then be coated on the glass with gold seeds spilled on
top. Next, gold seeds can be wrapped in silver. Next, an appropriate connection can
be made with nanoparticles, enabling the sample to be detected by LSPR.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the methods adopted to fabricate LSPR are easier
and less expensive than those of SPR despite their ability to detect samples with a
low concentration.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin More than biosensor applications,
LSPR can be applied to the fabrication of other components, conserve material
costs and detect samples with a low concentration, enabling the detection of
diseases in their early stages.

Ti liu tham kho

Knoy, T (2002) Writing Effective Work
Proposals. Taipei: Yang Chih Publishing

Further details can be found at

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw