This article is about the electronic

protocol named after Harald

"Bluetooth" Gormson.
 THE AIM OF BLUETOOTH
The aim has been set quite high. It is to arrive at a specification for a
technology that optimizes the usage model of all mobile computing
and communications devices, and providing:

Global usage
 Voice and data handling
The ability to establish ad-hoc connections
The ability to withstand interference from other sources in open
band
Very small size, in order to accommodate integration into variety of
devices
Negligible power consumption in comparison to other devices for
similar use
An open interface standard
Competitivelly low cost of all units, as compared to their non-
Bluetooth correspondents
 WHAT IS BLUETOOTH

Bluetooth is an industrial specification

for wireless personal area networks
(PANs). Bluetooth provides a way to
connect and exchange information
between devices such as mobile phones,
laptops, PCs, printers, digital cameras,
and video game consoles over a secure,
globally unlicensed short-range
radio frequency.
 USES OF BLUETOOTH
 Bluetooth is a radio standard and
communications protocol primarily
designed for low power consumption, with
a short range (power-class-dependent: 1
metre, 10 metres, 100 metres) based on
low-cost transceiver microchips in each
device.
 Bluetooth lets these devices communicate
with each other when they are in range.
The devices use a radio communications
system, so they do not have to be in line
of sight of each other, and can even be in
other rooms, as long as the received
transmission is powerful enough
 CLASSES
Class Maximum Permitted Power Range
(mW/dBm) (approxima
te )
Class 1 100 mW (20 dBm) 100 meters

Class 2 2.5 mW (4 dBm) 10 meters

Class 3 1 mW (0 dBm) 1 meter

 Bluetooth profiles
In order to use Bluetooth, a device must be compatible
with certain Bluetooth profiles. These define the possible
applications and uses.

List of applications

More prevalent applications of Bluetooth include:

 Wireless control of and communication
between a cell phone and a hands-free headset
or car kit. This was one of the earliest
applications to become popular.
 Wireless networking between PCs in a confined
space and where little bandwidth is required.
 Wireless communications with PC input and
output devices, the most common being the
mouse, keyboard and printer.
 Replacement of traditional wired serial
communications in test equipment,
GPS receivers, medical equipment and traffic
control devices.
 For controls where infrared was traditionally
used.
 Sending small advertisements from
Bluetooth enabled advertising hoardings to
other, discoverable, Bluetooth devices.
 Wireless controllers of game consoles—
PlayStation 3 use Bluetooth for their wireless
controllers
 Specifications and Features
Bluetooth 1.0 and 1.0B
 Versions 1.0 and 1.0B had many problems, and
manufacturers had difficulty making their products
interoperable. Versions 1.0 and 1.0B also had
mandatory Bluetooth hardware device address
(BD_ADDR) transmission in the handshaking
process, rendering anonymity impossible at a
protocol level, which was a major setback for
services planned to be used in Bluetooth
environments, such as Consumerium.
Bluetooth 1.1
 Many errors found in the 1.0B specifications were
fixed.
 Added support for non-encrypted channels.
 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI).
Bluetooth 1.2
 This version is backward-compatible with 1.1 and the major
enhancements include the following:
 Faster Connection and Discovery
 Higher transmission speeds in practice, up to 721 kbps, as in 1.1.
 Host Controller Interface (HCI).
Bluetooth 2.0
 This version, specified November 2004, is backward-compatible
with 1.x. The main enhancement is the introduction of an data
rate of 3.0 Mbps. This has the following effects:
 Three times faster transmission speed—up to 10 times in certain
cases (up to 2.1 Mbit/s).
 Lower power consumption.
 Simplification of multi-link scenarios due to more available
bandwidth.
 Further improved performance.
Bluetooth 2.1
 More advanced than 2.0(version 3.0 will be launching
very soon)
 Technical standards and
performance levels
 Bluetooth is based upon small, high performance
integrated radio transceivers, each of which is
allocated a unique 48-bit address derived from the
IEEE 802 standards.
 It operates in the unrestricted 2.45 GHz ISM "free
band", which is available globally, although slight
variation of location and width of band apply.
 The range is set at 10 meters to optimize for target
market of mobile and business user. The range can,
however, be increased.
 One-to-one connections allow
maximum data transfer rate of 721
kbits/s
 Bluetooth uses a packet switching
protocol, to enable high
performance in noisy radio
environments.
 It has low power consumption,
drawing only 0.3 mA in standby
mode. This enables maximum
performance longevity for battery
powered devices.
What about Bluetooth´s security?
Security can mean two things in
this context:
 A) We want to be sure that transmitted data
arrives in un-corrupted condition to the
receiver.
 B) We also want to feel that this data has not
been seen by parties for whom it is not
intended.Both of these issues are (of course!)
addressed by Bluetooth.
 Safer transmission of data
 Are transmissions secure in a business and
home environment? Yes, they are supposed to
be quite reliable. Bluetooth has built in
sufficient encryption and authentication and is
thus very secure in any environment.
Information Integrity in
Bluetooth
 Information Integrity is of vital
importance. We don´t want outside
parties to listen in. In Bluetooth, it
has these components:
• Random Number Generation
• Encryption
• Encryption Key Management
• Authentication.
What are the Applications?
 Bluetooth has a tremendous potential in
moving and synchronizing information in a
localized setting. Potential for Bluetooth
applications is huge, because we transact
business and communicate more with
people who are close by than with those
who are far away - a natural phenomenon
of human interaction. The following list
represents only a small set of potential
applications - in future many more
imaginative applications will come along:
 By installing a Bluetooth network in your office you
can do away with the complex and tedious task of
networking between the computing devices, yet have
the power of connected devices. No longer would you
be bound to fixed locations where you can connect to
the network.
 The Bluetooth technology connects all your office
peripherals wirelessly. Connect your PC or notebook
to printers, scanners and faxes without the ugly and
trouble some cable attachments. You can increase
your freedom by connecting your mouse or the
keyboard wirelessly to your computer.
 If your digital cameras in Bluetooth enabled, you can
send still or video images from any location to any
location without the hassle of connecting your camera
to the mobile phone on the wireline phone.
 In meetings and conferences you can transfer
selected documents instantly with selected
participants, and exchange electronic
business cards automatically, without any
wired connections.
 Connect your wireless headset to your mobile
phone, mobile computer or any wired
connection to keep your hands free for more
important tasks when you're at the office or in
your car.
 Have automatic synchronization of your
desktop, mobile computer, notebook (PC-PDA
and PC-HPC) and your mobile phone. For
instance, as soon as you enter your office the
address list and calendar in your notebook will
automatically be updated to agree with the
one in your desktop, or vice versa.
 With this viewpoint interest
in Bluetooth is soaring, lots
of ideas are constantly
emerging, some practical and
feasible

By:
GEETESH PURI
8TH SEM E&C