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TECHNOLOGY
CHE 464
Professor Yahia Abobakr Alhamed
Chairman
Chemical and materials Engineering Department
King Abdulaziz University
Office: building 45 _Room 201
E-mail: yhamed@kau.edu.sa
Course Outline
TEXT BOOK
Major Exam I = 20
Major Exam II = 20
Term Paper = 20
Final Exam = 40
Topics Covered
2-3
Methanol
- Formaldehyde
- Acetic acid
- Methylamines
- Methanol future
Production of olefins
Olefins feedstocks
- gas feedstocks
- liquid feedstocks
- Other processes
Hydropyrolysis
Millisecond pyrolysis
Coproduct treatment
6-7
(Major exam I)
13-14
Petroleum
Petroleum (Cont.)
Petroleum (Cont)
Petroleum (Cont)
Alkanes (Paraffins)
CnH2n+2.
C1 to C3 alkanes are usually found associated
with crude oils in a dissolved state.
Normal alkanes (n-alkanes, n-paraffins)
Isoparaffins
Aromatic Compounds
Lower members of aromatic compounds are
present in small amounts (e.g. Benzene, toluene,
and xylenes (BTX) ) in crude oils and light
petroleum fractions.
Binuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are found in
fractions heavier than naphtha.
Trinuclear and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons,
in com bination with heterocyclic compounds, are
major constituents of heavy crudes and crude
residues.
Nitrogen Compounds
The nitrogen content 0.1 wt% to 0.9 wt%
Nitrogen compounds are concentrated in
heavier petroleum fractions and residues.
Basic nitrogen compounds are mainly those
having apyridine ring.
Non-basic compounds have a pyrrole
structure.
Both pyridine and pyrrole are stable
compounds due to their aromatic nature.
Vacuum Distillation
- Feed is Residue: >C20
-Avoiding high temperatures
-Tarry residue results
-Vaccum gas oil (Top product)
-Fuel oils in power stations and ships,
'base' oil in lubricating oils,
bitumen/asphalt
Annual consumption of NG and other oil fractions for different sectors for
Saudi Arabia in 2004 (Source IEA)
Gas-Liquid Contactors
Absorption Columns: Used for taking up a soluble
gas in a solvent liquid and producing a solution plus a
lean exit gas e.g. used in H2S removal from hydrocarbons
Gas-Liquid Contactors
Stripping: Used fior removing a soluble gas from
solution by counter current contact with a inert gas
to recover solute gas and regenerate solvent for reuse
Fired Heater
Used to heat petroleum fractions to distillation or
cracking temperatures in direct-fired tubes
Fired Heater