Smooth muscle Contraction

Spindle Shaped
Central nuclei
Lack Striations, transverse tubules, and lack well
developed sacroplasmic reticulum
Actin and myosin thin and randomly distributed
Multi-unit-Separate units
Muscle of iris and blood vessels

Visceral-Sheets of spindle cells

Respond as a single unit
Rhythmicity- spontaneous
peristalsis

Internal organs outer longitudinal

Inner circular
Contraction
Impulses travel across the membraneCalcium diffuses into the cell from the extracellular fluid.
Calcium binds to a protein calmodulin-activating
contraction.
Nt- Ach and Norepi, stimulates/ inhibits contractions altering
degrees of contraction.
Smooth- slow and longer contraction

Terms

Origin
Insertion
Prime mover-Agonist
Assist a prime mover-Synergists
Antagonist- movement in the opposite
direction or resist a prime mover,

Skeletal Muscle Actions

origin immovable end

insertion movable end

prime mover (agonist)

primarily responsible for
movement
synergists assist prime mover
antagonist resist prime
movers action and cause
movement in the opposite
direction
4

Muscular Tissue
Three Types of Muscle Tissues
Cardiac Muscle

Skeletal Muscle
usually attached
to bones
under conscious
control
striated

Smooth Muscle

wall of heart
not under
conscious control
striated

walls of most viscera,

blood vessels, skin
not under conscious
control
not striated
5

Smooth Muscle Fibers

Compared to skeletal muscle fibers

shorter
single nucleus
elongated with tapering ends
myofilaments randomly organized
no striations
lack transverse tubules
sarcoplasmic reticula not well developed

Cardiac Muscle
only in the heart
muscle fibers joined together by intercalated discs
fibers branch
network of fibers contracts as a unit
self-exciting and rhythmic
longer refractory period than skeletal muscle

Muscles of Facial Expression-CNVII

Orbicularis oculiblinking/closes eyelids
Orbicularis oris-closes
lips/protrudes lips-kissing
Buccinator-compresses
cheeks as in blowing air
Zygomaticus-raises corner of
mouth/smiling
Platysma-pouting/draws
mouth downward & elevates
skin
Frontalis-elevates eyebrows
& creases skin
9

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Muscles of Mastication-CNV3
Masseter-elevates mandible
Temporalis-elevates
mandible
Pterygoid
Medial-elevates and moves it
from side to side
Lateral-depresses and
protracts

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Muscles of Head and Vertebra

Paired muscles- flex, extend, and rotate
the head and hold the torso erect.
Sternocleidomastoid-flex and rotates
Extend and rotate
Splenius capitis
Semispinalis capitis
Erector spinae

13

Muscle of the Pectoral Girdle

Trapezius- raises scapula and shoulders,
elevates clavicle, extends neck and head
Serratus Anterior -pulls scapula forward and
downward, used when pushing something.
Damage to the long thoracic nerve-results in winged
scapula

Rhomboids-retracts, elevates, and rotates

Levator Scapula-elevates scapula
Pectoralis minor- pulls scapula in forward and
downward, raise ribs in forceful inhalation
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Muscles That Move the Arm

Flexors
Coracobrachialis
Pectoralis major- also adducts arm

Extensors
Teres Major
Latissimus dorsi- also adducts arm (swimmer muscle)

Abductors
Deltoid most prominent muscle of the shoulder-axillary nerve-fracture to
the neck of humerus-unable to abduct the arm
Supraspinatus

Rotators cuff muscles

Subscapularis
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Supraspinatus

18

Movement of Forearm
Biceps brachii-flexes and laterally
rotates elbow
Brachialis- strongest flexor of
elbow
Brachioradialis-aids in flexing
Triceps- opposes-extends elbow

19

Muscle of the Abdominal area

Compress the abdominal cavity and increases
pressure, used during forceful exhalation or
defecation
Rectus abdominis-six pack
External oblique-fibers runs downward to pelvic
girdle
Internal oblique-fibers run upward to lower ribs
Transversus abnominis- deepest layer-runs
horizontally across
Linea alba- connective tissue band that runs
from xiphoid to symphysis pubis
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Transversus abdnominis

23

Muscles of the Thigh

Anterior group- primary flexors of thigh
Psoas
iliacus

Posterior group- extends the thigh

Gluteus muscles- maximus-the largest muscle in
the body
Tensor fasciae latae-extends from ilium to the
iliotibial tract- abducts, rotates, and flexes

Adductors
Pectineus-flexes
Adductor brevis, longus, magnus-flex and rotate
24
Gracilis- straplike band from the pubic bone to tibia

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Pectineus

26

Gluteus Muscle

27

Quadriceps Femoris group

Extensor

Extends leg at knee

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

28

Flexors of knee
Hamstring Muscles
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Sartorius-strap like
that passes obliquely
across the front of
thigh- abducts and
rotates laterally
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 Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

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