Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GEOPHYSICS
PRIHADI SA / 2005
COURSE INSTRUCTOR
PRIHADI SA / 2005
COURSE OBJECTIVE
1. Understand exploration geophysics concept.
2. Understand the application of geophysical
methods
3. Understand how to get structural and reservoir
information from seismic data.
PRIHADI SA / 2005
PRIHADI SA / 2005
INTRODUCTION
PRIHADI SA / 2005
EXPLORATION
GEOPHYSICS
Exploration geophysics is the use
of seismic, gravity, magnetic,
electrical, electromagnetic, etc.,
methods in the search for oil, gas,
minerals, water, etc., with the
objective of economic exploitation.
PRIHADI SA / 2005
Reconnaisance Survey
Detail Survey
Drilling
Evaluation / Monitoring
Well Logging
Crosshole Survey
VEP Survey
ELF
TEM Survey
Pole - Dipole
VLF
CSAMT Survey
Seismic Refraction
Seismic Reflection
( Real Time Geophysics )
Satellite / Airborne
Surface
Hole - to - Surface
Hole - to - Hole
Borehole
( Geotomography )
1000 km
Regional
100 km
Basin
10 km
1 km
Structure
100 m
Stratification
10 m
Fracture
1m
10 cm
1 cm
Texture Scale
PRIHADI SA / 2005
Hydrodynamics
Neutron
Test
Cores
Flow Test
Net Thickness
1
3
1
1
Mechanical Properties
Contacts
Pressure
Porosity
Permeability
1
3
Relative Permeability
2
3
2
3
2
1
Production Rates
2
4
Fluids Produced
3
2
2
4
Well Damage
1
3
1
1
1
2
Recovery Efficiency
2. Good Data Source
1. Best Source
1
3
Water Properties
Pore Sizes
Code :
Hydrocarbon Properties
Fluid Saturation
Lithology
and Geology
Gammma Ray
Engineering
Density
Analogy
Acoustic
History
SP
GO R
Electric
Water Cut
Drillstem
Gross Thickness
Producing Mechanism
Wireline
Cores
Logs
Special
Study
Production
Cuttings
Mud log
Post Development
Drill Rate
Character
Amplitude
Velocity
Time
Gravity
Operation
Depth Markers
Geology Engineering
Study
Seismic
Gravity
During Drilling
Pressure
Predrilling
Analogy,
Regional
knowledge
and maps
Depositional
Environment
Time
1
2
HYDROCARBON
EXPLORATION
PRIHADI SA / 2005
RESERVOIR
TRAP
SOURCE
PRIHADI SA / 2005
What is Petroleum?
PRIHADI SA / 2005
Anticlinal Trap
Reservoir Rock
Potential
Migration Route
(Porous/Permeable)
Source Rock
(Organic Rich)
24803
PRIHADI SA / 2005
HYDROCARBON TRAP
TYPES
Anticline
Fault
Salt Dome
Pinchout
Unconformity
PRIHADI SA / 2005
Anticlinal Theory
Petroleum Accumulates in Structural Closure
Gas
Oil
Water
PRIHADI SA / 2005
PRIHADI SA / 2005
INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGY
Seismic
Interpretation
Structural
Elements
Wellbore
Analysis
Reservoir
Parameters
Integrated
Reservoir Model
Core
Integration
Horizontal
Wells
Recovery
Efficiency
Geologic
Facies
Performance
History
Upgraded
Facilities
Field Development
Increased Production
Improved Recovery
PRIHADI SA / 2005
PETROLEUM
EXPLORATION
Surface Geology
- Aerial photos
- Geologic maps
Subsurface Analysis
- Gravity
- Magnetics
- Seismic reflection
- Wells
PRIHADI SA / 2005
Silicon Graphics
REGIONAL GEOLOGY:
PETROLEUM
SYSTEMS
GEOGRAPHIC
OPPORTUNITY
EXPLORATION PLAYS
PRIHADI SA / 2005
STRUCTURAL
GEOLOGY :
SEISMIC
INTERPRETATION
PHYSICAL MODELS
3D KINEMATIC
MODEL BUILDING
STRATIGRAPHY
:
DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEMS
SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY
PETROPHYSICS AND PALEONTOLOGY
Shale/Wet Sand
MESOZOIC
&
CENOZOIC
Clastic Sedimentary
Record missing due to
erosion:
Must reconstruct history
from regional data
Rock Physics
PERMIAN
L
Upper
Permian
Sedimentary Modeling
PENN.
MISS.
Forward
Modeling
CARBONIFEROUS
M-U
Pennsylvanian
Carbonate
Analogues
PRIHADI SA / 2005
AERIAL PHOTO
Compressional
Mountain Range
Thrust Zone
Alluvial Fan
JMA
Alluvial Fan
PRIHADI SA / 2005
RMS-amp
interval
TWT Horizon
Sequence Boundary
Sequence Boundary
Confined
Flow
Less
Confine
d
Flow
Prospects
5 km
5 km
N
PRIHADI SA / 2005
PRIHADI SA / 2005
PETROLEUM MIGRATION
Petroleum is expelled by pressure and
heat from sediments containing source
materials into adjacent reservoir rocks
(primary migration), and that
hydrocarbon migrate through carrier
beds into sealed reservoirs, or traps
(secondary migration).
PRIHADI SA / 2005
move
Petroleum System :
1) Early Generation
Spill Point
Migration from
Kitchen
2) Late Generation
Spill Point
Reservoir Rock
(Sandstone)
Seal Rock
(Mudstone)
Gas beginning to
displace oil
Displaced oil
accumulates
Gas displaces all
oil
PRIHADI SA / 2005
Trap
Processes: Generation
Elements:
Source
Rock
Migration
Accumulation
and Preservation
Migration
Avenue
Reservoir
and Seal
PRIHADI SA / 2005
Gas
Cap
Entrapment
Accumulation
Oil
Water
Seal Rock
Reservoir
Rock
Migration
Source
Rock
Generation
120 F
350 F
24803
PRIHADI SA / 2005
Packer
Formation Fluid
(Oil, Gas, Water)
Tool for
testing
formation
fluid
Pressure Recorders
JMA
PRIHADI SA / 2005
Christmas
Tree
Pipeline to
Flow Process
and Storage
Surface
Casing
Cement
Intermediate
Casing
Cement
Production
Casing
Tubing
Completion
Fluid
Packer
Well
Fluids
Cement
PROCEDURAL STAGES
F
DETERMINATION OF BASIN
TYPE AND STRUCTURE
DEVELOPMENT OF TIME STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK
DETECTION OF
UNCONFORMITIES
ENVIRONMENTAL - FACIES
ANALYSIS
RECONSTRUCTION OF
PALEOGEOGRAPHY
PREDICTION OF
STRATIGRAPHIC TRAP
X
STUDY
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
AND CORES
Detailed-facies analysis
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
PALEOGEOGRAPHIC MAPS
SPECIAL-PURPOSEMAPS
FACIES-DISTRIBUTION MAPS
ISOPACH MAPS
PALEONTOLOGIC - ENVIRONMENT
PALEONTOLOGY - AGE
GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS
PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
Detail correlation
CROSS SECTIONS
GEOLOGIC
SAMPLECUTTINGS
SURVEYS
OTHER WELL
and facies boundaries
AND
ELECTRIC
gross-facies determination
SURVEYS
MAGNETIC SURVEYS
GRAVITY SURVEYS
SEISMIC
FIELD
GEOLOGIC
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
THE END