HAZARDOUS

AREA

CONTENT
BASIC CONCEPT
FIRE TRIANGLE
CLASSIFICATION OF
HAZARDOUS AREA
MIC
PROTECTION METHODS

BASIC CONCEPT
HAZARDOUS AREA :AREA WHICH CONTAINS
EXPLOSIVE AIR , GAS MIXTURE
OR EXPECTED TO BE PRESENT
IN A QUANTITY SUCH AS A
REQUIRE SPECIAL PRECAUTION ,
CONSTRUCTION & USED OF
ELECTRICAL APARATUS

HISTORY OF CRUDE WAYS OF DETECTING

METHANE GAS!!
In the 1700's, certain gases or the lack of oxygen were detected
with various hit and miss types of detection. The candles on
miners caps, or if carried by the miner, would either go out from
the lack of oxygen or the flame would get larger with a different
coloring of the flame if certain gases were in the area.
Of course, in some instances these open flames caused fires or
explosions. By 1815, the Davy's Safety Lamp came into use in the
mines. This certainly changed the way for miners to check for
certain gases.
They took these canaries in small cages with them down the coal
mines where they worked. The canaries were the miners alarm
signal to show them when the coal-gas levels got too high. The
canary stopped singing and was most likely to be laid feet up on the
bottom of the cage, poisoned by the mine gas.

FLAMMABLE MATERIAL :CONTAIN FLAMMABLE GAS ,

VAPOURS , DUST etc
Eg- GASOLINE, PROPANE,
HEXANE,
AMMONIA etc

HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERE
Hazardous atmosphere is an
atmosphere that may expose a worker
to the risk of death or incapacitation, or
prevent a worker from getting out of
the confined space because of an injury
or critical illness. Such an atmosphere
can be explosive, flammable, poisonous,
corrosive, oxidizing, irritating, oxygen
deficient, toxic, or otherwise harmful
which can result in death, illness ..

IGNITION ENERGY :-

A specific mixture of fuel and

oxidant that yields the most rapid
combustion at a specific measured
quantity.
FLASH POINT :Theflash pointof avolatilematerial
is the lowesttemperatureat which
it can vaporize to form an ignitable
mixture inair.

IGNITION ENERGY
Gas
Energy

Representative Gas

Group
I
II A
IIB
IIC

Ignition

(mj)
Methane
Propane

280
260

Ethylene
Hydrogen

95
18

FIRE TRIANGLE

http://www.absorblearning.com/media/attachment.action?quick=vb&a
tt=2244

CLASSIFICATION OF
HAZARDOUS AREA
Why Area Classification???
HAC is a method of analyzing
and classifying the
environment where explosive
gas atmospheres may occur to
allow the proper selection of
electrical apparatus to be
installed in that environment.

CONSIDERATION WHILE
CLASSIFICATION
1.The flammable materials that may be present;
2. The physical properties and characteristics of
each of the flammable materials;
3. The source of potential releases and how they
can form explosive atmospheres;
4. Prevailing operating temperatures and
pressures;
5. Presence, degree and availability of
ventilation (forced and natural);
6. Dispersion of released vapours to below
flammable limits;
7. The probability of each release scenario.

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON
ZONES

Zone 0: An area in which an explosive

gas atmosphere is present
continuously or for long periods;
Zone 1: An area in which an explosive
gas atmosphere is likely to occur in
normal operation;
Zone 2: An area in which an explosive
gas atmosphere is not likely to occur in
normal operation and, if it occurs, will
only exist for a short time.

ZONE LIMITS
ZONE

ZONE 0

ZONE 1

ZONE 2

EXPLOSION LIMIT

> 1000 h/year

more than 10 but less than 1000

h/yr
less than 10

CLASS DESIGNATION
PRIMARY DESIGNATION
THREE CLASSES
LISTED WITH ROMAN
NUMERAL NOMEMCLATURE

CLASS I HAZARDOUS
AREA
FLAMMABLE GASSES &
VAPOURS.
PRESENT DURING NORMAL
OPERATION.
POSSIBLY PRESENT DURING
BREAKDOWN CONDITION.
Eg.- PROPANE,GASOLINE,
HEXANE, AMMONIA etc.

CLASS II HAZARDOUS AREA

COMBUSTABLE DUST.
COULD BE PRESENT DURING
BREAKDOWN.
Eg.CORN,WHEAT,SOYABEAN
DUST,FLOUR,DUST FROM
WOODS & PLASTICS etc.

CLASS III HAZARDOUS

AREA
EASILY IGNITABLE FIBERS &
MATERIAL that PRODUCES
FLAMMABLE FLYING.
COULD BE PRESENT WHERE
MATERIAL
HANDELED,MANUFACTURED OR
USED.
Eg.- WHERE RAW COTTON IS
STORED.

DIVISION DESIGNATION
SECONDARY DESIGNATION
TWO DIVISIONS
LISTED WITH NUMERIC
NOMEMCLATURE

CLASS I DIVISION1
HAZARDOUS AREA

IGNITABLE CONCENTRATION
OF FLAMMABLE GASSES &
VAPORS.
POSSIBLY PRESENT DURING
BREAKDOWN & FAULTY
CONDITION.
Eg.- WHERE DELIVERY
TRUCKS ARE UNLOADED.

CLASS II DIVISION1
HAZARDOUS AREA
CONTAIN DUST OF ELECTRICALLY
CONDUCTIVE NATURE.
MECHANICAL FAILURE OR
ABNORMAL OPEARATION MIGHT
PRODUCE IGNITABLE OR
EXPLOSIVE MIXTURE.
Eg.- AREAS OF OPEN
CONVEYORS,OPEN TOP BINS, DUST
OF MAGNESSIUM OR ALLUMINIUM.

CLASS I DIVISION2
HAZARDOUS AREA

WHERE FLAMMABLE
GASSES HANDELED BUT
NORMALLY ENCLOSED.
ACCEDENTIAL RUPTURE
OR BREAKDOWN.
Eg- ROOMS NEAR TO
CLASS I DIVISION 1
AREAS.

CLASS II DIVISION2
HAZARDOUS AREA

AREAS NEAR ELECTRICAL

EQUIPMENT.
Eg- AREAS ARROUND
CLOSED CONVEYOR;
AREAS AROUND
ENCLOSED
PROCESS EQUIPMENT.

GROUP DESIGNATION
SECONDARY DESIGNATION
SEVERAL GROUPS
LISTED WITH ALPHABETIC
NOMENCLATURE
MATERIALS ARE GROPED BY
ONES WITH SIMILAR
CHARECTIRISTICS

CLASS I GROUP.
CLASS I HAS 4 GROUPS ie
A,B,C,D
VARIABLE FALAMMABLE
GASSES ARE ARRANGED BY
SIMILAR CHARACTIREISTICS
- IGNITION TEMPERATURE
-SAFE CLEARANCE
DISTANCE

CLASS II GROUP.
CLASS II HAS 2 GROUPS ie E,F
VARIABLE COMBUSTABLE
DUSTS ARE ARRANGED BY
SIMILAR CHARACTIREISTICS
- IGNITION TEMPERATURE
-HOW TIGHT EQUIPMENT SEALS
NEED TO PREVENT DUST
ENTERING IN EQUIPMENT

CLASS II GROUP G
COMBUSTABLE DUST SUCH AS
FLOUR ,GRAIN,WOOD,PLASTICS
PRIMARY CONCERN OF GRAIN
ELEVATORS

MIC (Minimum Ignition Current)

MAXIMUM EXPERIMENTAL SAFE
GAP

The maximum clearance between two parallel meta

surfaces that has been found, under specified test
conditions, to prevent an explosion in a test
chamber from being propagated to a secondary
chamber containing the same gas or vapor at the
same concentration.

TEMPERATURE CLASSIFICATION

Max. Surface
Temperature

T Class
T1

(Deg. C)

450

T2

300

T3

200

T4

135

T5

100

T6

85

PROTECTION METHODS

Thank
you !!!