Knowledge-Based System

Lecture #1
Dr. Md. Hasanuzzaman
Associate Professor
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Dhaka University

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Contents

Syllabus of this course

Configuration of this course
Brief Introduction of AI
Recommended Text books

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Brief Introduction of AI
Knowledge?
Intelligence?
Intelligent Machine?
What is A.I.?

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What is knowledge?
Knowledge is a theoretical or practical
understanding of a subject or a domain.
Knowledge is the sum of what is currently
Known.

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What is Intelligence?
Someones intelligence is their ability to understand and
learn things.
Intelligence is the ability to think and understand instead
of doing things by instinct or automatically.
It gives some flexibility. It does not specify whether it is
someone or something that has the ability to think and
understand.

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What is Thinking?

Thinking is the activity of using your brain to consider

a problem or to create an idea.
In order to think, someone or something has to have a
brain an organ that enables someone or something
to learn and understand things, to solve problems and
to make decisions.

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Intelligence?
So

we can now define Intelligence, is the ability

to learn and understand, to solve problems and
to make decisions.

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Intelligence Machine?
Turing Imitation game

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Intelligence Machine (Cont.)

So, a machine is thought intelligent if it can achieve

human-level performance in some situations.
To build an intelligent machine, we have to capture,
organize and use human expert knowledge in some
problem area.

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What is AI?
Views of AI fall into four categories:
1

Thinking
humanly

Acting
humanly

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Thinking
rationally

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Acting
rationally

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What is AI?
(Thinking Humanly)

1
Thinking
humanly:
The cognitive
Modeling
Approach

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A given program must have some way of

determining how human thinks. We need to get
inside the actual working of human minds. There
are two ways to do this
Through introspection
Trying to catch our own thoughts as they go by.
Through psychological experiments
A childs cognitive development.

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What is AI?
(Acting Humanly)
2
Acting
humanly:
The Turing
Test Approach

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Intelligent machines must possess the

following capabilities
Natural Language processing
Knowledge representation
Automated reasoning
Machine learning
To pass the total Turing test, the intelligent
machine will needComputer vision to perceive objects
Robotics to manipulate objects and move
about
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What is AI?
(Thinking Rationally)
3
Thinking
rationally:
The laws of
thought
approach

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Syllogisms
Socrates is a man;
All men are mortal
Therefore Socrates is mortal.
Logic
These laws of thought were supposed to
govern the operation of mind.
Their study initiated the field called
Logic

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What is AI?
(Acting Rationally)
4
Acting
rationally:
The rational
agent approach

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Rational behavior: doing the right thing

The right thing: that which is expected to
maximize goal achievement, given the
available information

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Recommended Textbooks

[Negnevitsky, 2001] M. Negnevitsky Artificial Intelligence: A guide to

Intelligent Systems, Pearson Education Limited, England, 2002.
[Russel, 2003] S. Russell and P. Norvig Artificial Intelligence: A Modern
Approach Prentice Hall, 2003, Second Edition
[Patterson, 1990] D. W. Patterson, Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
and Expert Systems, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J, USA,
1990.
[Minsky, 1974] M. Minsky A Framework for Representing
Knowledge, MIT-AI Laboratory Memo 306, 1974.
[Hubel, 1995] David H. Hubel, Eye, Brain, and Vision
[Ballard, 1982] D. H. Ballard and C. M. Brown, Computer Vision,
Prentice Hall, 1982.

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End of Presentation

Thanks to all !!!

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