Professional Documents
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Distribution and
Applications
Binomial Probability
Distribution
A binomial random variable X is defined to the
Binomial Distribution
n x
n!
n x
P( X x) p (1 p )
p x (1 p ) n x x 0,1,..., n.
x!(n x)!
x
where
n! n (n 1) (n 2) ... 1, also 0! 1 and 1! 1
n
" n choose x" the number of ways to obtain
x
x " successes" in n trials.
P (" success" ) p
Binomial Distribution
n x
n!
n x
P( X x) p (1 p )
p x (1 p ) n x x 0,1,..., n.
x!(n x)!
x
Binomial Distribution
n x
n!
n x
P( X x) p (1 p )
p x (1 p ) n x x 0,1,..., n.
x!(n x)!
x
3 ways
2 2!(3 2)! 2!1! (2 1) 1
SSF
SFS
FSS
3 2
P( X 2) .5 (.5) 3 2 3(.52 )(.51 ) .375 or 3
8
2
Example: Treatment of
Kidney Cancer
What do we consider in
answering the question of
interest?
Connection to Binomial
Example: Treatment of
Kidney Cancer
40
.2016.80 24 .001945
P ( X 16)
16
Example: Treatment of
Kidney Cancer
40
.2017.80 23 .000686
P( X 17)
17
40
.20 40.800 0
40
P( X 40)
= .002936
YIPES!
Example: Treatment of
Kidney Cancer
Enter
n = sample size
x = observed # of successes
p = probability of success
Example: Treatment of
Kidney Cancer
Conclusion
A)
B)
Before
After
Differen
(B)
(A)
ce (A
Patient
Infusion Infusion B)
Before
After
Differen
(B)
(A)
ce (A
Infusion Infusion B)
-1
16
17
18
-1
19
20
-1
21
22
23
24
10
-1
25
11
26
12
27
13
-1
28
14
-2
29
Sign Test
17 nonzeros differences, 11
Example: Sign Test
+s 6 s
Before
After
Differen
(B)
(A)
ce (A
Patient
Infusion Infusion B)
Before
After
Differen
(B)
(A)
ce (A
Infusion Infusion B)
-1
16
17
18
-1
19
20
-1
21
22
23
24
10
-1
25
11
26
12
27
13
-1
28
14
-2
29
Patient
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+