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ORGAN
AND
Structure, Growth, Development
and Reproduction
ORGAN
SYSTEMS
STRUCTURAL
ORGANIZATION OF
PLANTS
PLANT CELL
Plant cells unlike animal cells have
organelles called Chloroplast
Chloroplast- its function is to manufacture
food through photosynthesis.
They have larger vacoules.
Amyloplasts- for food storage
PLANT CELL
3 Types of plant cell :
Plant
cell
type
Cell
Chemical
Functio
n
Thicknes
s
compositio
n
Parench
yma
Uniformly
thin
Cellulose,
hemicellulos
e, may have
cutin
Collench
yma
Irregularly Cellulose,
Food
thick
hemicellulos storage,
e
strength
ening
Sclerenc
hyma
Uniformly
thick
Food
storage,
food
manufact
ure
Cellulose,
Strength
hemicellulos ening
PLANT TISSUES
A tissue is a group of cells that performs essentially the same function.
Classification of tissue in plants:
Meristematic Tissue- tissues primarily concerned with the formation of new
cell by division.
a. Apical meristem- a group of merismatic cells found at the tips of the plant.
-contributes to an increase in length (shoot apical
meristem) or length (root apicalmeristem) of the main
axis of the plant.
-primary growth
b. Lateral meristem- contributing to the increase in width, diameter, or girth.
c. Intercalary meristem- it becomes actively dividing when there is injury to
help regenerate the lost or damaged part.
PLANT TISSUES
Permanent Tissue- tissue that cease to divide, having gained new parts or
lost old ones to perform specialized permanent functions.
a. Dermal tissue- outer protective covering
-includes the epidermis and the periderm.
b. Vascular tissue- the conducting tissue of the plant
-for food, water, and mineral distribution in the plant body.
Xylem- principal water-conducting tissue in vascular plants.
Phloem- principal food- conducting tissue of vascular plants.
PLANT ORGANS
PLANT ORGANS
Leaf
- For food manufacture
- Photosynthesis takes place here
- Gas exchange and transpiration
- chlorophyll- light harvesting molecules of the plant.
- Stomata (stoma)- tiny holes through which carbon dioxide enter the leaf.
- transpiration- loss of water from the plant in the form of vapor.
Stem
- Support for aerial plant parts
- conduction of substances
- internode- the region between two successive nodes.
PLANT ORGANS
b. Ground tissue- cortex and pith for food and water storage.
c. Vascular tissue- xylem for water transport and phloem for food transport.
PLANT ORGANS
Roots
-
- Taproot
- fibrous
PLANT GROWTH
AND
DEVELOPMENT
GROWTH
Changes in length, height or
diameter of plant parts are
easily quantified or
measured.
DEVELOPMENT
Other changes that can be
described only because they
result in the formation of new
parts that were not there
before.
WHAT DO
PLANTS NEED FOR
GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT?
REGULATORS OF PLANT
GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
Hormones- are chemical
substances that the body
produces in very small amounts.
Produced in specific sites.
They are transported.
PLANT HORMONES
Auxin
Cytokinins
Gibberelins
Abscisins
Ethylene
AUXINS
Produced in shoot tips diffuse
down the stem, inhibiting lateral
bud formation.
Auxins move away from light,
stimulating cell elongation on the
dark side of the stem, resulting in
growth curvature towards light.
PHOTOTROPISM
is the growth of organisms
in response to light. It is
most often observed in
plants.
CYTOKININS
Are plant regulators that, in
combination with auxins, can
induce cell division and cell
differentiation.
GIBBERELLINS
Are plant regulator that
promotes seed germination
and growth in response to
water availability and flowering
in response to day length.
ABSCISINS
Are plant hormones that
suppress seed germination and
growth of buds as an adaptive
response to stress due to
unfavorable environment.
ETHYLENE
Is a plant hormone that
stimulates leaf abscission,
flower wilting, fruit ripening and
other aging processes that
eventually leads to death.
REPRODUCTION
IN PLANTS