KHARKIV

UKRAINE

UKRAINE
Is a country in Eastern Europe It has
an area of 603,628 km2, making it
the largest country in Europe.
Ukraine borders Russia to the east
and northeast, Belarus to the
northwest, Poland and Slovakia to
the west, Hungary, Romania, and
Moldova to the southwest, and the
Black Sea to the south and.

KHARKIV
Geography
History
Government and administrative divisions
Demographics
Economy
Science and Education
Culture
Cuisine

KHARKIV (UKRAINIAN:
) KHARKOV
(RUSSIAN: )
Is the second-largest city ofUkraine. Located in
the north-east of the country, it is the largest city
of the historical region.

GEOGRAPHY
Kharkiv is located in the northeastern region of
Ukraine. Historically, Kharkiv lies in the
Sloboda Ukraine region, in which it is
considered the main city.
The city rests at the confluence of the Kharkiv,
Lopan, and Udy rivers, where they flow into
the Seversky Donets watershed.

WEATHER
Kharkiv's climate is humid continental, with cold
and snowy winters, and hot summers.
The seasonal average temperatures are cold in
winter, not too hot in summer: 28.6 C in
January, and +21.3 in July.
The average rainfall totals 513 mm (20 in) per
year, with the most in June and July.

HISTORY
The city was founded in 1654 and was a
major centre of Ukrainian culture in the
Russian Empire. Kharkiv was the first city in
Ukraine to acknowledge Soviet power in
December 1917 and became the first capital
of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic until
January 1935, after which the capital was
relocated to Kiev.

During World War II, four battles took place for control of the city:
First Battle of Kharkov
Second Battle of Kharkov
Third Battle of Kharkov
Fourth Battle of Kharkov (Operation Polkovodets Rumyantsev)
30,000 people (slightly more than half Jewish) were killed and
buried in a mass grave by the Germans in a ravine outside of
town named Drobitsky Yar.

GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE

DIVISIONS
The territory of Kharkiv is divided into 9 administrative raions
Leninsky (Ukrainian: ); namesake Vladimir Lenin
Dzerzhynsky (Ukrainian: ); namesake Felix Dzerzhinsky
Kyivsky (Ukrainian: ); namesake Kiev
Moskovsky (Ukrainian: ); namesake Moscow
Frunzensky (Ukrainian: ); namesake Mikhail Frunze
Ordzhonikidzevsky (Ukrainian: ); namesake Grigol

Ordzhonikidze

Kominternvsky (Ukrainian: ); namesake Communist

International

Chervonozavodsky (Ukrainian: ); namesake "red factory"

Zhovtnevy (Ukrainian: ); namesake October Revolution

DEMOGRAPHICS
According to the 2013 Census, the
population of the city was 3,300,200.
The nationality structure of Kharkiv is:
Ukrainians 50.38%, Russians 43.63%,
Jews 3%, Belarusians 0.75%, and all
others 2.24%

ECONOMY
During the Soviet era Kharkiv was the
capital of industrial production in Ukraine
and the third largest centre of industry and
commerce in the USSR. After thecollapse
of the Soviet Unionthe largely defencesystems-oriented industrial production of
the city decreased significantly.

State-owned industrial giants, such as

Turboatom and Elektrotyazhmash occupy
17% of the heavy power equipment
construction
(e.g.,
turbines)
market
worldwide.
Multipurpose aircraft are produced by the
Antonov aircraft manufacturing plant. The
Malyshev factory produces not only
armoured fighting vehicles, but also
harvesters. Khartron is the leading
designer of space and commercial control
systems in Ukraine and the former CIS.

SCIENCE AND EDUCATION

The city has 13 national

universities and numerous

professional, technical and private
higher education institutions,
offering its students a wide range
of disciplines. Kharkiv National
University (12,000 students),
National Technical University
KhPI (20,000 students), Kharkiv
National University of
Radioelectronics (12,000
students), Kharkiv National
Aerospace University "KhAI"
(50000) are the leading
universities in Ukraine

 Among them are three national science

centres: Kharkv Institute of Physics and

Technology, Institute of Metrology, Institute
for Experimental and Clinical Veterinary
Medicine and 20 national research
institutions of the National Academy of
Science, such as the Institute for Low
Temperature Physics and Engineering,
Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and
Cryomedicine, State Scientific Institution
Institute for Single Crystals, Institute of
Radiophysics and Electronics, Institute of
Radio Astronomy, and others. A total
number of 26,000 scientists are working in
research and development. A number of

CULTURE
Kharkiv is one of the main cultural centres in
Ukraine. It is home of 20 museums, over 10
theaters and a number of picture galleries.
Large music and cinema festivals are hosted
in Kharkiv almost every year.

CUISINE
The traditional Ukrainian diet

includes chicken, pork, beef, fish

and mushrooms. Ukrainians also
tend to eat a lot of potatoes, grains,
fresh, boiled or pickled vegetables.
Popular traditional dishes include

varenyky (boiled dumplings with

mushrooms, potatoes, sauerkraut,
cottage cheese, cherries or berries).
Nalysnyky ((pancakes) with cottage

cheese, poppy seeds, mushrooms,

caviar or meat).

CUISINE
Kapuniak (soup made with meat,

potatoes, carrots, onions, cabbage,

millet, tomato paste, spices and
fresh herbs)
Borsch (soup made of beets,

cabbage and mushrooms or meat),

holubtsy (stuffed cabbage rolls
filled with rice, carrots, onion and
minced meat)
Pierogi (dumplings filled with boiled

potatoes and cheese or meat).