ENERGY FROM FOODS

Food calorie is measured in kcalorie

1 gram of CHO = 4 calories
1 gram of Protein = 4 calories
1 gram of fats = 9 calories

Bomb

calorimeter a device used to

measure the total calorie content from food.
1000 calories = 1 kcalorie

The Joule
Measure

of energy in the metric system

1 calorie (kcalorie) = 4.184 joule (kjoules)

Example:
1 cup of milk = 170 kcal
170 kcal x 4.184 =711.28 kjoules

Calculation of food value

The energy value of one tablespoon of sugar

(15 grams) is 60 calories (15x4). Most foods
are complex and contains protein, fat and
carbohydrates.

Example: I cup of milk contains the following;

12 grams carbohydrates x 4 cal/gm. = 48 kcal
8 grams protein X 4 cal/gm
= 32 kcal
10 grams fat x 9 cal/gm = 90 kcal
Total
170 kcal

Calculation of food value

To calculate the percentage of kcalories

from fat.

Example:
Divide the 90 fat kcal by the total 170 kcal.
90 fat kcal/170 kcal = 0.529 or 0.53
0.53 = 53%

Components of energy
expenditure
Basal metabolism is the measure of energy
needed by the body at rest for all its internal
chemical activities.
The minimum amount of energy needed by
the body at rest in the fasting state is 1 calorie
per kilogram of the body per hour for an adult.
It accounts for more than one-half of calorie
requirements needed for life processes;
respiration, cellular metabolism, glandular
activity and maintenance of body
temperature.

Conditions necessary for BMR

Test
To ensure accuracy:

Subject must fast at least 12 hours after

the meal (test is usually taken in the
morning)

Subject must be awake, lying quietly, free

from physical fatigue, nervousness and
tension causes an increase in heat
production.

The room temperature should be between

20-25 degrees centigrade to maintain the
body temperature of the subject.

Calculating Basal Metabolic

Rate

The rule of thumb is the simple method for BMR

calculation (male adult =1 kcal/kilogram/hour;
female adult = 0.9kcal/kilogram/hour. This may
not be applicable for obese or lean individual.
Example:
male 75 kg
1kcal x 75 x 24 hours = 1,800 kcal
female 65 kg
0.9 kcal x 65 x 24 hours = 1,404 kcal

Calculating Basal Metabolic

Rate

Harris-Benedict formula (1909) using weight,

height, age and sex.

Male:
REE = 66+[13.7x wt(kg)]+[5x ht(cm)]-[6.8x
age(yrs)]
Female:
REE = 655+[9.6x wt(kg)]+[1.8x ht(cm)]-[4.7x
age(yrs)]

Calculating Basal Metabolic

Rate
Biologic Body Weight raised to the power
obtaining metabolic or fat-free body size.
The metabolic body size is based on weight
in kilograms multiplied by 70.

Example:
A 50 kg mans REE = 18.8 x 70 = 1,325 kcal

Calculating Basal Metabolic

Rate

This method is developed in 1984 by WHO,

FAO and UNU.

Formula:
1.6 x wt(kg + 879) = REE
Compute for: What is the REE of a man
weighing 50 kilograms.

Calculating Basal Metabolic

Rate

REE for
REE =
=
=

a man weighing 50 kilograms

1.6 x 50 kg + 879
1.6 x 929
1486.4 kcal