Professional Documents
Culture Documents
to Quality
Control
Definition of Quality
Quality Control Areas
Statistical Process Control
Handbook :
quality control
and improvement
Fundamental of
by : Amita Mitra
1980s
1990s
increased
Purposes
1.Ability to understand about Quality
2. Ability to recognize the quality control areas
Definition of Quality
Garvin (1984)
fa
u
an
M
Juran (1974)
Fitness for use
Us
er
-b
Quality
d
ase
ct-b
du
Pro
Crosby (1979)
rin
u
ct
b
g-
ed
s
a
Transcendent
7
as
ed
Valu
e-ba
sed
Definition of quality
The quality of a product or service is
the fitness of that product or service for
meeting its intended use as required by
the customers
Terms
Quality Characteristics : One or more
elements which define the intended quality
level of a product or service
Nonconformity : a quality characteristic
that does not meet its stipulated
specifications requirement.
A nonconforming unit : a unit that has one
or more nonconformities such that the unit
unable to meet the intended standard and
is unable to function as required.
9
10
Quality Aspecs
Quality
Quality of
Conf
orma
nce
Quality of
Desi
gn
Quality of
Perfo
rman
ce
11
Quality of Design
The product or service must be designed to
meet at least minimally the needs of the
customer
Influenced by : product, cost, profit policy,
demand, availability of parts and materials, and
product safety.
12
Quality of Conformance
The manufactured product or the service
rendered must meet the standards
selected in the design phase.
Defect prevention, defect finding, and defect analysis and rectification.
13
Quality of Performance
Concerned with the operation of the product
when actually put to use or the service
when performed and measures the
degree to which it satifies the
consumer
14
Quality Control
Defined as a system that is used to
maintain a desired level of quality in a
product or service
15
Off-line
Quality
Control
Statistical
Process
Control
Acceptanc
e
Sampling
Plan
16
18
Quality Assurance
20
Quality Circle
21
Chapter 6
Statistical Process
Control
Using Control Chart
23
24
Quality Characteristics
Control Chart
18
UCL
15
CL
12
LCL
Subgroup
25
26
Causes Of Variation
27
Assignable/Special Cause
The existing variability is not
from the process. It is not
effecting all the products.
Example: The use of the wrong
tool, bad quality of raw material,
or operator error.
Common Cause
The existing variability comes from the
process it self.
It always exists as long as the process
does not change and effected all the
products.
It comes from alot of small causes and
can not totally eliminate.
Example: variability that come from the
raw material, mechanical vibration,
work condition fluctuation..
29
UCL
E( )
E() k ()
LCL
E( ) k ( )
CL
30
Example 1
The mean of part thickness of a
product is 30 mm with standard
deviation equal to 1.5 mm. Make
a control chart using the limits of
3 with sample size equal to 5
chosen ramdomly from the
process.
31
32
Type I error
33
Type 1 error
UCL
CL
LCL
/2
34
Type II Error
35
Kesalahan Pengambilan
Kesimpulan (4)
UCL
Kesalahan Tipe II
CL
LCL
36
37
38
b.
c.
Probability of undetected
0.5
0.0
125
130
140
145
Process Parameters
41
CL
LCL
LCL
42
UCL
UCL
CL
LCL
LCL
43
Sampling
Choosing Sample item: instant-of-time
method and period-of-time method.
Sample size.
Frequency of Sampling.
45
Quality characteistics
UCL
15
CL
12
LCL
Subgroup
7
46
18
UCL
UWL
15
CL
12
LWL
LCL
Subgroup
7
47
Quality
characteristic
s
UCL
15
limit 1
CL
limit 1
LCL
12
Subgroup
7
48
Quality characteristics
18
UCL
15
CL
12
LCL
Subgroup
8
49
18
UCL
15
CL
12
LCL
Subgroup
8
50
k
i
Example 1
The pin diameter produced by a
machine is the quality characteristic
that to be controlled . Based on the
historical data the mean diameter of
diameter is 15 mm with standard
deviation equal to 0,8 mm. If the
sample, with size 4, is taken randomly
from the process :
52
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
53
Example 2
A quality engineering is asked to make a
control chart to control a process with mean
and standard deviation equal to 100 and 5
respectively. The control should use the
control limit 3 sigma and has the ability to
detect a shift from 100 to 105 with
probability equal to 0,75. ( the rule number
one is used to determine the out of control
condition).
54
a.
b.