Corrosive

Properties of acids:
Taste sour (masam)

1. ________ ____________________
Change blue litmus paper to red
2. ____________________________
pH values less than 7

3. ____________________________
Corrosive (mengakis)

4. ____________________________
Acid solution allow current pass through it

5. ____________________________

React with active metals (magnesium, iron) to release

hydrogen and form salts
6. ____________________________

7.

React with carbonates to release carbon dioxide and form salt and
____________________________
water
React with alkalis to form salt and water ( neutralisation process)

8. ____________________________

Hidrochloric acid
(Stomach acid)

Sulphuric acid
(battery acid)

Citric acid
(fruits)

Phosphoric acid
(industrial fertilizer)

Oxalic acid
(rust remover)

Tartaric acid
(cream of tartar and
baking powder)

Alkaline
substances or
solution taste
bitter

Corrosive

Feel slippery like soap when

touched with the finger

Sodium hydroxide
(used in making soap and detergent)

Potassium hydroxide
(used in whitening agent or in making soap,
dyes and alkaline batteries)

Calcium hydroxide
( used in cement and in medicine as antacid)

Titration method

 Neutralisation equation in words:

Acid

Alkali

Salt

Water

2. The products are salt and water. ( neutral properties)

The reaction is called neutralisation.
Method used in neutralisation is called titration method

Acid

Alkali

Salt solution

Water

Examples :
1. Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide = Sodium chloride + water
2. Sulphuric acid + potassium hydroxide = Potassium sulphate + water
3. Hydrochloric acid + ammonium hydroxide =

Application of neutralisation process :

1. Using hair shampoo (alkaline) that is neutralised by
hair conditioner (acidic)
2. Applying alkaline medicine to neutralised insect bite
(acidic)
3. Gastric patient drink milk of magnesia (alkaline) to
reduce stomach acidity.
4. Toothpaste (weak alkali) neutralised acid cause by
bacteria in the mouth.
5. Using slaked lime (alkaline) to reduce soil acidity.

METHODS OF PURIFYING WATER

Natural resources of water

Rain

Ponds

Well / Spring
Has microorganisms

Most pure
Has little dissolved
substances and dust

Dirtier than river

( water does not flow)

Has dissolved substances

Cleaner than river

Rivers
Not clean
Has lots of dissolved substances
and dirt such as microorganisms

Seas
Has the most dissolved
substances
Has the most dirt

Methods of water purification

Kills
microorganisms

Small amount of chlorine is added to our

drinking water supply to reduce water-borne
disease

During distillation, water is boiled into steam. The steam is

condensed back into water.
Distilled water is free from microorganisms, dissolved substances
and solid particles.

Water purification
method

Advantage

Disadvantage

Water

Water

removes

is clear (jernih)
and free from suspended
particles (bahan
terampai) only

2. Distillation

Water

is free from
suspended substances,
microorganisms and
dissolved substances
(bahan terlarut)

Does

Water

Water

1. Filtration
coarse
impurities
Sand filters are
commonly used

Involves boiling and

condensation
Prepare pure (tulen) or
distilled water (air
suling)

3. Boiling
4. Chlorination
kills

microorganisms
Water boils at 100C
Adding chlorine into
water

is free from
dangerous
microorganisms

still has
microorganisms

not contain
dissolved minerals
which our bodies need

still has
dissolved substances
and suspended
substances.