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HAZARD?
DISASTER?
RISK..?
VULNERABILITY.?
EMERGENCY..?
HAZARD
VULNERABILITYRISK
DISASTER
HAZARD
A dangerous condition or events that threaten or have
the potential for causing injury to life or damage to
property or the environment. Hazards are basically
grouped in two broad headings:
Natural Hazards (hazards with meteorological,
geological or biological origin)
Unnatural Hazards (hazards with human-caused or
technological origin)
Natural phenomena are extreme climatological,
hydrological, or geological, processes. A massive
earthquake in an unpopulated area, is a natural
phenomenon, not a hazard. But when these natural
phenomena interact with the man made habitat, they
may cause wide spread damage. Then, they become
VULNERABILITY
Vulnerability is defined as "The extent to which a
community, structure, service, or geographic area
is likely to be damaged or disrupted by the
impact of particular hazard, on account of their
nature, construction and proximity to
hazardous terrain or a disaster prone area.
Physical vulnerability weak buildings, bridges,
service lines, lifeline structures, production units
etc.
Social & Economic vulnerability
Human losses in disasters in developing countries
are seen to be higher when compared to
developed countries.
RISK
Risk is a measure of the expected losses
(deaths, injuries, property, economic activity
etc) due to a hazard of a particular magnitude
or Intensity occurring in a given area over a
specific time period.
Exposure: the value and importance of the
various types of structures and lifeline systems
(such as water-supply, communication
network, transportation network etc in the
community serving the population)
tural Disaste
Are we prepared?
Are we in danger?
Disasters
Disasters are hazards that cause
destruction or environmental
changes.
The types are
Natural disasters
Man made disasters
Classifying Natural
Disasters
Comparing and Analyzing
Natural Disasters
Natural Disasters
A natural disaster is the effect
of a natural hazard (e.g.,
flood, tornado, hurricane,
volcanic eruption,
earthquake, or landslide)
Classes of disaster
Geophysical events originating
from solid earth
Meteorological atmospheric
processes
Hydrological water
Climatogical climate variability
Biological exposure to living
organisms
Classes of disaster
Geophysical earthquake, volcano,
mass movement (dry)
Meteorological storm
Hydrological flood, mass movement
(wet)
Climatogical extreme temperature,
drought, wild life
Biological epidemic, insect
infestation, animal stampede
Classification System
Atmospheric Hazards
Cyclonic Storms (hurricane)
Tornado
Severe Storm
Flooding
Drought
Wildfire
Severe Weather (hot/cold)
Classification System
Biological Hazards
Infectious Disease
Parasitic Disease
Insect Infestation
Plant Disease
Classification System
Geological Hazards
Slide (mud, land, rock)
Volcanic Activity
Earthquake
Avalanche
Tsunami (tidal wave)
Scale of Disaster
Is Dependent on :
Hazard X Vulnerability =
Disaster
ELEMENTS AT RISK
People
Livestock
Rural Housing Stock
Houses Vulnerable
Crops, Trees,Telephone,
Electric poles
Boats, Looms, Working
Implements
Personal Property
Electricity, Water and Food
Supplies
Infrastructure Support
Landslides
Landslides are the movement
of land down a slope by gravity
Landslides are mother natures
way of redistributing land
They can be triggered by rain,
floods, and earthquakes as well
as man-made factors such as
slope grading or mining
Landslides have the potential
to happen anywhere a steep
slope is present
Landslides
A landslide or a landslip is a
movement in the ground and a
shallow flow of debris.
The largest landslide in history
happened because of Mount St.
Helens. 3km of rock moved downhill.
What is Flood
Whole city is flooded
A flood is an
overflow of an
expanse of water.
Flooding may result
from the volume of
water within a body
of water, such as a
river or lake.
Due to snow melt.
Floods
Result from heavy rains
May involve rivers overflowing, storm
surge/ocean waves, & dams or levees breaking
Most common natural hazard
Flashfloods = floods that happen very fast
Thunderstorm
Thunder Storms
Every Thunderstorm produces
lightning
There is wet thunder and dry
thunder, the difference being
whether or not rain in
produced
Warm humid conditions favor
thunderstorms
Only 10% of thunderstorms
are classified as severe
Your chance of being struck
by lightning is 1 in 600,000
Tsunami
Tsunamis
Tsunami means harbor wave and is
caused by the displacement of a
large body of water normally an
ocean or a large lake.
Tsunamis
The biggest tsunami ever happened
at Lituya Bay, Alaska on July 9,
1958. The megatsunami was around
150 meters tall.
The tsunami caused by 2004 Indian
Ocean earthquake, is the 6th
deadliest Natural disaster in recorded
history with a death toll of 230,210
280,000.
Volcanic Eruption
Volcanic Eruption
A volcano is an opening in a planets
surface which allows hot magma to
escape from below the surface.
Study of volcanos is called
Volcanology and volcanic eruptions
are measured using Volcanic
Explosivity Index
Volcanic Eruption
The biggest volcanic eruption was Mount
Tambora on April 10, 1815, it heard over
2000 km away and had a death toll of
around 71,000. Due to the explosion 1816
became known as The Year Without
Summer.
The largest volcano known to humans is
Olympus Mons on Mars. Olympus Mons
means Mount Olympus and is bigger than
Mount Everest.
Blizzard
A violent snowstorm with winds blowing
at a minimum speed of 35 miles per
hour and visibility of less than onequarter mile for three hours
Top Blizzards in US
http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0886098.html
http://nsidc.org/snow/blizzard/storms.html
Event
Location
Date
4,000
Iran Blizzard
Iran
1972
1,337
Afghanistan
2008
400
United States
1888
318
United States
1993
235
Schoolhouse Blizzard
United States
1888
199
Japan
1902
144
United States
1940
133
China
2008
112
Kazakhstan
1995
54
Blizzard of 1978
United States
1978
Drought
Droughts
A drought is a long period of time in
which a certain region receives a
shortage of water
Lasting three years from 1958 to 1961,
the Great Chinese Famine is the worst
on record, 15 to 43 million were killed
as a result
USA has been hit by a huge drought in
2012 decreasing corn income by 12%
Hailstorm
Heat Wave
Hurricane
Hurricanes
A hurricane is a tropical
storm with winds over
74mph
Hurricanes occupy the most
intense level of the three
levels of tropical storms
Hurricanes rotate or
circulate counter-clockwise
in the northern hemisphere
Hurricanes can only occur
over the Atlantic ocean,
Caribbean sea, and gulf of
Mexico
Tornado
Tornados (Twisters)
A tornado is a violently rotating
column of air that is touching both
the ground and a cumulonimbus
cloud.
Tornado conditions are caused when
different temperatures and humidity
meet to form thunder clouds
Twisters can attain speeds up to
100 miles an hour
Tornados
The biggest tornado recorded was
the Hallam, Nebraska tornado on
May 22, 2004. It was around 2.5
miles big and had a death toll of
around 160.
The deadliest tornado recorded
occurred in Daultipur and Salturia,
Bangladesh on April 26th, 1989.
1300 recorded dead and 12,000
injured.
Tornados
Atornado is defined as a violently
rotating column of air extending
from a thunderstorm to the ground
Tornados are found in almost
every part of the world
Tornados are most common in the
United States, just east of the
Rocky Mountains in an area called
Tornado Ally
Waterspouts are weak tornados
over water and can move inland
and become tornados
Click on Image to
View a Tornado
Chasers Video
Wildfire
Wildfire
A wildfire is any uncontrolled fire in
the countryside or wilderness.
Other names for a wildfire are brush
fire, bushfire, forest fire, desert fire,
grass fire, hill fire, peat fire,
vegetation fire, and veldfire.
One of the largest wildfire is the
1910 wildfire
Earthquake
Earthquakes
Earthquakes are caused by
the release of built up
pressure caused by the
shifting of tectonic plates
Earthquakes usually occur
on fault lines, or areas
where tectonic plates meet
The size of an earthquake is
measured using the
logarithmic based Richter
scale
collapsing buildings
property damage
mud slides
fires
floods
tsunamis
loss of power
Avalanche
Avalanches
Avalanches Happen on every
continent
Avalanche Season is during the
winter time or December-April in
the United States
A large scale can release up to
300,000 cubic yards of snow
Avalanches are more commonly
released by recreationists than by
natural causes
The biggest factor of avalanche
possibility is the accumulation snow
over the winter season
Click on Image
for An
Avalanche
Video