THE CHANGING PARADIGM

OF MANAGEMENT

Management

The attainment of organizational goals

in an effective and efficient manner
through planning, organizing, leading
and controlling organizational resources

The Process of Management

Management functions
Planning
Select goals and
ways to attain
them
Resources
Human
Financial
Raw
materials
Technological
Information

Organizing
Assign
responsibility for
task
accomplishment

Controlling
Monitor activities
and make
corrections

Leading
Use influence to
motivate
employees

Performance
Attain
goals
Products
Services
Efficiently

Effectiveness

Planning

The management function concerned

with defining goals for future
organizational performance and
deciding on the tasks and resource use
needed to attain them

Organizing

The management function concerned

with assigning tasks, grouping tasks
into departments, and allocating
resources to departments

Leading

The management function that

involves the use of influence to
motivate employees to achieve the
organization's goals

Controlling

The management function concerned

with monitoring employees activities,
keeping the organization on track
towards its goals, and making
corrections as needed

Organisation

A social entity that is goal directed

and deliberately structured

Effectiveness
The degree to which the organization
achieves a stated goal

Efficiency
The use of minimal resources raw
materials, money and people to
produce a desired volume of output

Management Skills
Relationship of conceptual, human and technical
skills to management level
Management level
Top Manager
Middle Managers
First-line managers
Non-managers
(personnel)

Conceptual skills

Human Skills

Technical skills

Conceptual skills
The cognitive ability to see the organization as a
whole and the relationship among its parts

Human skills
The ability to work with and through other people
and to work effectively as a group member

Technical skills
The understanding of and proficiency in the
performance of specific tasks

Top Managers
A manager who is at the top of the
organizational hierarchy and is
responsible for the entire organization

Management Levels in the Organizational

Hierarchy
CEO

People at these
levels may also
have horizontal
project manager
responsibility

Corporate General
or Group Manager,
AdminisHead
tration

Top Managers

Business Unit Head

General Manager

Administrator

Middle Managers
Department
Product Line or Manager
Information Service
Service Manager
Manager
Functional Head
Production, Sales, R & D
Supervisor

MIS, HRM, Accounting

Supervisor

Non managerial employees

Line jobs

Staff jobs

First-line
managers