Created by ejlp12@gmail.

com, June 2010

8 - Project Quality Management

Project Management Training

8. Project Quality Management

Monitoring &
Controlling Processes
Planning
Processes

Enter phase/
Start project

Initiating
Processes

Closing
Processes

Exit phase/
End project

Executing
Processes

Process

Knowledge
Area

Cost

Initiating

Planning

Quality Planning

Executing

Perform Quality Assurance

Monitoring & Contol

Perform Quality Control

Closing

Project Quality Management

Qualityisdegreetowhichtheprojectfulfillsrequirements
QualityManagementincludescreatingandfollowingpoliciesand
procedurestoensurethataprojectmeetthedefinedneeds(fromthe
customersperspective).
Completingprojectwithnodeviationsfromtheprojectrequirements.

Quality Concepts
Quality vs. Grade
Quality:thedegreetowhichasetofinherentcharacteristicsfulfill
requirements
Qualitylevelthatfailstomeetqualityrequirementsisalwaysa
PROBLEM
Grade:acategoryassignedtoproductorservicehavingthesame
functionalusebutdifferenttechnicalcharacteristics
Lowgrademaynotbeaproblem

Quality Management: Important

points
Customersatisfaction
Conformancetorequirement
Fitnessforuse:product/serviceproducedmustsatisfyrealneeds

Preventionoverinspection
Costofpreventingmistakes<costofcorrecting

Continuousimprovement(Kaizen)
BasedonPDCAcycle
Usingqualityimprovementinitiativese.g.TQM,6sigma
Usingprocessimprovementmodelse.g.OPM3,CMMI,MalcolmBaldrige

Managementresponsibility
Toprovidetheresourceneededtosucceed

Quality Concepts
Gold Plating:givingthecustomerextras
Thispracticeisnotrecommended

Marginal Analysis:lookingforthepointwhere..
benefits/revenuetobereceivedfromimprovingqualityEQUALStheincremental
costtoachievethatquality

Just in Time (JIT):justwhentheyareneededorjustbeforetheyareneeded.

Itforcesattentiononqualitypractices.

Total Quality Management (TQM)

Company&theiremployeesfocusonfindingwaystocontinuousimprovethe
qualityoftheirbusinesspractices&products.

8.1 Plan Quality

Theprocessofidentifyingrequirementand/orstandardsfortheprojectand
productanddocumentinghowtheprojectwilldemonstratecompliance.
What is quality? How will we ensure it?
Tools &
Techniques

Inputs
1. Scopebaseline
2. Stakeholderregister
3. Costperformance
4.
5.
6.
7.

baseline
Schedulebaseline
Riskregister
Enterprise
environmentalfactors
Organizationalprocess
assets

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Costbenefitanalysis
CostofQuality(CoQ)
Controlcharts
Benchmarking
Designofexperiments
Statisticalsampling
Flowcharting
Proprietaryquality
management
methodologies
9. Additionalquality
planningtools

Outputs
1. Qualitymanagement
2.
3.
4.
5.

plan
Qualitymetrics
Qualitychecklists
Processimprovement
plan
Projectdocument
updates

Quality Planning Techniques

Costbenefitanalysis
Weightthebenefitsversusthecostofmeetingqualityrequirements

DesignofExperiments(DOE)
Useexperimentationtostatisticallydeterminewhatvariablewillimprovequality
Systematicallychangingalloftheimportantfactors,ratherthanchangingthe
factorsoneatatime

Statisticalsampling
Weneeditsincestudyingentirepopulationwouldtaketoolong,toomuchcost,
betoodestructive

Flowcharting
Usetoseeaprocessorsystemflowsandfindpotentialqualityproblem

Cost of Quality
Costofquality(CoQ)
Lookingatwhatthecostofconformanceandnonconformancetoqualityand
creatinganappropriatebalance
.. should be less
then..

<

Image Source: PMBOK Guide 4nd Edition. PMI 2008

Control charts
Upper control limit

Rule of seven (non random data points)

Out of control
Assignable/special cause

Normal and expected variation

Usually 3 or 6 sigma

Lower control limit

Normal distribution curve

Out of control
Assignable/special cause

Specification limit: is
point determines by
customer, not calculated
based on control chart

Output
QualityManagementPlan
Contains:
Projectmanagementmethod
Roleandresponsibilityinmanagingquality
Deliverablemeasurement
Standardformonitoring&controlpurpose
Processreview
Majorcheckpoints
Inspection&acceptancecriteria

Quality metrics is input for

Quality Assurance AND
Quality Control
Quality checklist is input for
Quality Control ONLY

Qualitymetrics
Anoperationalthatdescribeshowqualitycontrolprocesswillmeasureit.
Whatarethingsthatimportanttomeasureanddecidewhatmeasurementisacceptable

Qualitychecklists
Alistofitemstoinspect,steptobeperformedandnoteifanydefectsfound

8.2 Perform Quality Assurance

Theprocessofauditing the quality requirement and the result of quality
control measurements toensureappropriatequalitystandardsand
operationaldefinitionsareused.

Inputs
1. Projectmanagement
plan
2. Qualitymetrics
3. Workperformance
information
4. Qualitycontrol
measurement

Tools &
Techniques
1. Planqualityand
PerformQualityControl
tools&techniques
2. Qualityaudits
3. Processanalysis

Outputs
1. Organizationalprocess
updates
2. Changerequests
3. Projectmanagement
planupdates
4. Projectdocument
updates

Quality Assurance
Are we using the standard?
Can we improve the standard?
QualityAudits

Toseeifyouarecomplyingwithcompanypolicies,standards&procedures
Determinewhethertheyareusedefficiently&effectively
Identifyallthegoodpracticesbeingimplemented
Identifyallthegaps/shortcomings
Lookfornewlessonlearned&goodpractices

ProcessAnalysis
Includesrootcauseanalysis

8.3 Perform Quality Control

Theprocessofmonitoringandrecordingresultsofexecutingthequality
activitiestoassessperformanceandrecommendnecessarychanges.
Inputs
1. Projectmanagement
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

plan
Qualitymetrics
Qualitychecklist
Workperformance
measurements
Approvedchange
requests
Deliverables
Organizationalprocess
assets

Tools &
Techniques
1. Causeandeffect
diagrams
2. Controlcharts
3. Flowcharting
4. Histogram
5. Paretochart
6. Runchart
7. Scatterdiagram
8. Statisticalsampling
9. Inspection
10.Approvedchange
requestsreviews

Outputs
1. Qualitycontrol
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

measurements
Validatedchanges
Validateddeliverables
Organizationalprocess
updates
Changerequests
Projectmanagement
planupdates
Projectdocument
updates

Quality Control
CauseandEffectDiagram(IshikawaDiagramorFishboneDiagram)
Helpsstimulatethinking,organizethoughts,andgeneratediscussion
Canbeusetoexplorethefactorsthatwillresultinadesirefutureoutcome

Histogram
Showinghowoftenaparticularproblem/situationoccurred

ParetoChart/Diagram(80/20principle)
Histogramorderedbyfrequencyofoccurrencewhichusedtofocusattentiononthe
mostcriticalissues
80%oftheproblemsaredueto20%ofthecauses

RunChart
Tolookathistoryandseeapatternofvariation

ScatterDiagramRegressionanalysis

BACKUP SLIDES

Important Terms
MutualExclusive:iftwoeventscannotbothoccurinasingletrial

Probability:somethingwilloccur

NormalDistribution:commonprobabilitydensitydistributionchart
Statisticalindependence:theprobabilityofoneeventoccurringdoesnotaffectthe
probabilityofanothereventoccurring

Standarddeviation(orSigma):howfaryouarefromthemean
3or6sigma
Representthelevelofqualityhasdecidedtotrytoachieve
6ishigherqualitystandardthan3
Usedtocalculatetheupperandlowercontrollimitsinacontrolchart
Number of

Percentage of occurrences
between two control limits

68.26%

95.64%

99.73%

99.99985%

Next topic:
Project Human Resource
Management

Thank You