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ELECTRONIC TONGUE

BY
ANOOP KRISHNAN

WHAT IS ELECTRONIC
TONGUE ?

The electronic tongue is an instrument


that measures and compares tastes.
It is an analytical instrument comprising
an array of non-specific, low selective
chemical sensors with cross-sensitivity
to different components in solution, and
an appropriate method of pattern
recognition and/or multivariate
calibration for the data processing.

MAIN NEED IN PHARMACY FIELD


Assessment of the taste of oral drug
the preparation-Major interest
To date, only method employed for
determination of taste intensity was
human sensory test.
To facilitate the work and address the
difficulties associated with human
panel test, a safe,
reliable, fast analyzing objective
instrument was developed called

Electronic Tongue .

PRINCIPLE
Utilization of non-specific or lowselective potentiometric chemical
sensors with enhanced crosssensitivity to as many different
components in solution as
possible.

CORRELATION WITH HUMAN


TONGUE
Mechanism involved for taste recognition
shows the same three levels in both.

INSTRUMENTATION
Liquid Autosampler

Chemical Sensor or Sensor


array
Acquisition System
Data Processing
System

CHEMICAL SENSOR ????


Chemical sensors are small devices that perform
transformation of chemical or biochemical
information of a qualitative or quantitative type
into an analytical useful signal by the process of
chemical interaction between sample and
sensors.
Currently these technologies are based on
electrochemical sensors(POTENTIOMETRIC).
Other sensing methods applied is voltammeter .

The detecting sensor part consist of


lipid/polymer membranes and act as the
working electrodes.

The reference electrodes -Ag/AgCl.

Electrode charge density of the lipid/polymer


membrane surface and ion distribution near
the surface of the membrane is changed due
to sample.
Therefore the total electrical charge on the
lipid membrane gives the response membrane
electric potential for the substances.

ACQUISITION SYTEM
The acquisition system establishes the
communication between the sensor array
and data processing system.

Converts the electrical signals from sensor


array to digital
distortion.

signals with less

Amplifier must be present as the electrical


signals from the sensors are always small.

DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS


Chemometric techniques a type of multivariate statistic used
in the analytical field provide data processing, which consist
of recognition, classification and identification and
multivariate calibration.
Statistical analysis

Broad use

Application

Principal component analysis (PCA)

Qualification, exploration and discrimination

Initial formulation studies

Discrimination factorial analysis (DFA)

Discrimination and identification

Recognition of unknown sample

Soft independent modeling of class analogy


(SIMCA)

Good/bad modeling

Quality control against reference good


product

Partial least square (PLS)

Quantification

Quantification of bitterness against sensory


panel

APPLICATIONS
Quantify taste masking efficiency of
formulations.
Analyze medicines stability in terms of taste.
Benchmark target products.
Analyze flavor ageing in beverages.
Quantify bitterness or spicy level of drinks or
dissolved compounds.

CONCLUSION

Electronic tongues are emerging,


promising and proved to be a valuable
tool for assessment and prediction of
the taste of pharmaceuticals and
related products.

THANK YOU

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