SISTEM INSTRUMENTASI

INDUSTRI
Industrial
Instrumentation Systems
Elita Fidiya Nugrahani
elita.nugrahani@uisi.ac.id

Departemen Manajemen Rekayasa

Universitas Internasional Semen Indonesia

Introduction

Capaian pembelajaran: Mahasiswa prodi Manajamen Rekayasa

semester 5 mampu membangun dan menganalisis sistem
instrumentasi yang berfungsi sebagai monitoring, controlling ,
protection dengan benar
3 sks = 150 menit tatap muka + 180 menit tugas + 180 menit
belajar mandiri dalam 1 minggu
Prasyarat : Sistem Pengukuran dan Kalibrasi
Daftar Pustaka
Dun, William., Fundamental of Industrial Instrumentation
and Process Control, First Edition, McGraw- Hill
Companies,Inc, 2005
Bolton, Willian, Instrumentation and Control System, First
Edition, Elsevier Science and Technology Books, 2004
Bentley, J. P, Principles of Measurement System 4th
edition, Pearson Prentice-Hall, 2005.
Bela G. Liptak., Kriszta Venczel., Instrument Engineers'
Handbook,
Fourth
Edition,
Volume
One:
Process
Measurement and Analysis

Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Dasar sistem instrumentasi dan perkembangannya

Elemen dan diagram blok pengukuran (5%)
Process Flow Diagram (PFD) dan Piping and Instrumented
Diagram (P&ID)
Konsep Sistem Instrumen sebagai measurement : sensing,
signal conditioning, signal processing, display (15%) (10%)
Basic Process Control System (BPCS)
Safety Instrument System (15%) (10%)

UTS (20%)
7. Jenis-jenis sistem pengendalian di industri
8. Mode kontroler: sequential (On-Off - PLC), kontinyu (PID & FLC),
dan DCS (Distributed Control System). (5%)
9. Pemodelan sistem (10%)
10.Analisa kestabilan metode Routh Hurwitz dan tuning PID dari
suatu sistem (15%)

UAS (35%)
25

1. The General and Development of

Instrumentation Systems

1.1 Definition
System

Instrumenta
tion
Instrument
ation
Systems

an arrangement of parts
within
some
boundary
which work together to
provide some form of
output from a specified
input or inputs.
basis for process control in
industry
including
measuring, controlling, and
protecting function.
measuring, controlling, and
protecting numerical value
corresponding
to
the
variable being measured.

1.2 Timeline of Instrumentation Systems

1.2.1 Manual Control

1.2.2 Pneumatic and Hydraulic Control

1.2.3 Automatic Control

1.3 Block Diagram of Measurement

Systems

1.4 Block Diagram of Open Loop

Control Systems

Input
referenc
e

Controll
er

Plant

Output

1.4.1 Definition of Open Loop Control

Systems
Also called a non-feedback controller, is a type of controller that computes its
input into a system using only input reference and its model of the system.
Not use feedback to determine if its output has achieved the desired goal of
the input
Example : Flare control system on stove

Valve
input
Pin

Pressure
Regulator

Ps

flare

1.4.2 Advantage and Disadvantage of

Open Loop Control Systems
Advantage
1. Open loop system is simple and economical
2. Construction of open loop system is easier
3. Open loop systems are generally stable

Disadvanta
ge
1. Open loop systems are inaccurate and unreliable
2. The changes in the outputs due to external disturbance are not corrected
automatically

1.5 Block Diagram of Close Loop

Control Systems

1.5.1 Definition of Closed Loop

Control Systems
A system where the actual behavior of the system is sensed and then fed
back to the controller and mixed with the reference or desired state of the
system to adjust the system to its desired state.
The objective of the control system is to calculate solutions for the proper
corrective action to the system
Example :

1.5.2 Advantage and Disadvantage of

Closed Loop Control Systems
Advantage
1. Closed loop control systems are more accurate even in the presence of
non-linearities
2. The sensitivity of the system may be made small to make the system
more stable
3. The closed loop systems are less affected by noise.

Disadvanta
ge
1.
2.
3.
4.

Closed loop control systems are costlier and complex

The feedback in the closed loop system may lead to oscillatory response
The feedback reduces the overall gain of the system
Stability is the major problem in the closed loop system and more care is
needed to design a stable closed loop system

1.6 Component of Control Systems

ACTUATO
R

CONTROLL
ER

PLANT

SENSOR

1.6.1 Plant
Certain components that work to achieve its purpose.
Example: Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR)

Mixer
Flow input
(Tin ,w)
Flow output
( Tout )
Q Heater

1.6.2 Sensor

SensorDevice that responds to a physical stimulus (as heat,

light, sound, pressure, magnetism, or a particular motion) and
transmits a resulting impulse (a signal relating to the quantity
being measured).
Example:
Thermocouple where millivolt depends on temperature
Strain gauge where resistance depends on mechanical strain
Orifice plate where pressure drop depends on flow rate.

Example
Potentiometer: displacement sensor that converts linier
displacement to resistance.

R1

Vout
Rt

V out

V in

Level Sensor: buoy connected to

secunder measurement system
(potentiometer)

R1

. Vin
RT

1.6.3 Controller

Kontroler merupakan salah satu komponen dalam sistem pengaturan

yang memegang peranan sangat penting.

Kontroler menghasilkan sinyal kontrol sedemikian hingga plant

memberikan respon sesuai dengan spesifikasi performansi yang
diinginkan.
Example: on-off, PID, fuzzy logic

1.6.4 Actuator

Type of motor that is responsible for moving or controlling a mechanism or

system.
Most of control signal doesnt have enough power to drive plant.
operated by a source of energy, typically electric current, hydraulic fluid
pressure, or pneumatic pressure, and converts that energy into motion.

Electrical Actuator
Selenoid
Changed electric signal to mechanical movement.
coil dan plunger

Mechanical Actuator
Motor DC

Changed voltage to mechanic rotary

1.6.4 Variable
Classification:
1.
Input
2.
Output

Other classification:
1.
Manipulated variable (u)
2.
Controlled variable (y)
3.
Exogenous variable (d)

Input

d
u

Plant /
Process

Plant /
Process

Output


1.
2.

Variable in Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR)

Input
: Tin , w , Q
Output
: Tout
Mixer
Flow input
(Tin ,w)
Flow output
( Tout )
Q Heater

Tin , w , Q

CSTR

Tout

controller

Control
valve

PH
transmitter

Cstr/mixin
g tank

Overview