Understanding Climate

Change
ISMAEL T. MANALIGOD
Chief, Legal Division
DENR Region 02

Outline of the Presentation

1.

Basic information on climate change

Reason for climate change
Green House Gases (GHG) Sources
Impacts/Effects of Climate Change
Philippine Vulnerabilities to climate
change
2. Ways for a greener lifestyle

BYWORDS OF THE TIME:

1. CLIMATE CHANGE
2. GLOBAL WARMING
3. GREEN HOUSE GAS

WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE ?

CLIMATE CHANGE IS THE CHANGE IN CLIMATE

WHICH IS ATTRIBUTABLE DIRECTLY TO HUMAN ACTIVITY THAT
ALTERS THE COMPOSITION OF THE GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE
AND WHICH IS IN ADDITION TO NATURAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY
OBSERVED OVER COMPARABLE TIME PERIODS.
- ACCORDING TO THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON
CLIMATE CHANGE (IPCC) CLIMATE CHANGE REFERS TO
ANY CHANGE IN CLIMATE OVER TIME, WHETHER DUE TO
NATURAL VARIABILITY OR AS A RESULT OF HUMAN ACTIVITY.

CLIMATE CHANGE IS ATTRIBUTED BY SCIENTISTS

TO
INCREASE
IN
GLOBAL
TEMPERATURE,
COMMONLY KNOWN AS GLOBAL WARMING.
United Nations

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

SEA LEVEL RISE

SEVERE DROUGHT
HEAVY PRECIPITATION
SPREAD OF VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES
FLOODING
OCEAN ACIDIFICATION
FOOD SHORTAGE
WATER SCARCITY

WHAT IS GLOBAL WARMING ?

GLOBAL WARMING, IN TURN, IS DUE TO
THE INCREASE IN GREEN HOUSE GASES
IN THE ATMOSPHERE. AS A RESULT, WE
SEE AN ABNORMAL WARMING OF THE
TEMPERATURE OR OVERHEATING OF THE
EARTH.
THE RIGHT AMOUNT OF GREENHOUSE GASES IS
IMPORTANT TO AVOID THE COOLING OF THE EARTH. THEY
ACT LIKE A NATURAL BLANKET AROUND THE EARTH,
TRAPPING HEAT, MUCH LIKE THE GLASS ROOF OF A
GREENHOUSE.
NOW,
HOWEVER,
WE
HAVE
AN
OVERSUPPLY OF
GREENHOUSE
GASES
IN
THE
ATMOSPHERE

 Greenhouse warming makes earth

habitable
Without CO2, Earths mean temperature
will be about -18C (no liquid water)

Despite skeptics, unprecedented

rise in CO2 emissions is causing
global warming, environmental
damage

Philippine temperatures
26.8
26.6

T emper at ur e (

C)

26.4
26.2
26.0
25.8
25.6
25.4
25.2
25.0
24.8
1900

26.8

1910

1920

1930

1961-70

1971-80

1981-90

Luzon
26.6

Visayas
Mindanao

Temperature (C)

26.4
26.2
26.0
25.8
25.6
25.4
25.2
1901-10

1911-20

1921-30

1931-40

1941-50

1951-60

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

GHG Sources

(7,094 kt CO2)

(50,038 kt CO2)

7%

TOTAL:
100,738 kt CO2
Source: 1994 Philippine GHG
Inventory
(33,130 kt CO2)

33%

(10,603 kt CO2)

11%

CLIMATE CHANGE = CHANGE IN CLIMATE

attributable directly to human activity that alters the composition of
the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate
variability observed over comparable time periods.
CLIMATE CHANGE

GLOBAL WARMING
(Increase in Global Temperature)

GLOBAL WARMING
(Increase in Green House Gasses)

GREENHOUSE GASES AND HOW ARE THEY EMITTED

INTO THE ATMOSPHERE?
NATURAL GREENHOUSE GASES
IN ITS NATURAL STATE,
CARBON DIOXIDE IS PRODUCED BY VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS, FOREST FIRES AND MACHINERIES USING
FOSSIL FUELS.
METHANE IS EMITTED FROM DECAYING PLANTS AND
ANIMALS.
NITROUS OXIDE, ON THE OTHER HAND, RESULTS FROM
BACTERIAL BREAKDOWN OF NITROGEN IN SOILS AND
OCEANS.

GREENHOUSE GASES AND HOW ARE THEY EMITTED

INTO THE ATMOSPHERE?
OTHER SOURCES OF
CARBON DIOXIDE WHICH ACCOUNTS FOR 60% OF THE
TOTAL GREEN HOUSE GASES DUE TO THE USE OF FOSSIL
FUELS, BY POWER PLANTS, INDUSTRIES AND VEHICLES AND
OTHER MACHINERIES.
METHANE IS THE SECOND MOST COMMON GREENHOUSE
GAS, ACCOUNTING FOR 20 % OF THE ADDITIONAL
GREENHOUSE EFFECT EMITTED BY DECOMPOSITION OF
GARBAGE AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES, AND NATURAL GAS
PRODUCTION.
NITROUS OXIDE IS PRODUCED FROM THE USE OF NITROGEN
FERTILIZER AND PESTICIDES.

continuation
MEN ALSO INTRODUCED THREE (3) NEW GREENHOUSE
GASES
THE
HYDROFLUOROCARBONS
PERFLUOROCARBONS
WHICH
ARE
USED
REFRIGERANTS AND COOLANTS.

AND
AS

SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE IS USED MOSTLY IN ELECTRIC

INSULATORS.
IN ADDITION, MAN HAS DESTROYED MUCH OF THE
ECOSYSTEM THAT CAN ABSORB THESE GREENHOUSE
GASES.
REFORESTATION. TREES ABSORB CARBON DIOXIDE AND
PROCESS THEM INTO OXYGEN.

 Carbon dioxide
Methane
Nitrous Oxide
These are naturally found in the
atmosphere and they trap heat close to
the Earths surface.

CARBON DIOXIDE

METHANE

NITROUS OXIDE
- Bacterial Breakdown of Nitrogen
in Soils and Ocean

CARBON DIOXIDE - Burning of Fossil Fuels

(Oil, Coal) by Powerplants, Industries and
Vehicles

Methane - Decomposition of Garbage and Agricultural

Waste Materials, Leaks in Coal Mining and Natural Gas
Production
Accounts for 20% of additional greenhouse effects

Nitrous Oxide:
Bacterial Breakdown of Nitrogen in Soils and Oceans
Use of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Pesticides in Agriculture
Biomass Burning
Combustion Process Vehicles
Acid Production

Hydrofluorocarbons
(HFCs)
Perfluorocarbons
(PFCs)
Sulfur hexafluoride
(SF6

Reduce ability of Ecosystem to Absorb

Greenhouse Gasses

Greenhouse Gases
Water vapor
Carbon Dioxide
(CO2)
Methane (CH4 )
Nitrous Oxide (NO2)
Sulfur hexafluoride
(SF6)
Hydrofluorocarbons
(HFCs)
Perfluorocarbons
(PFCs)
Chlorofluorocarbon
s (CFCs)

Human Sources of
Greenhouse Gases
(GHG)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Most prevalent
GHG
Methane (CH4)
Second most
common, 21x the
potency of CO2
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
310x the potency of
CO2
Other Gases HFCs,
PFCs, and SF6 =
range 600 23900x
potency of CO2

The sources of these air pollutants are closely

monitored using pollutants monitoring devices.
Mobile Sources which refers to the
vehicles;
Point Sources which refers to stationary
sources such as industrial plants, hotels
and
power plants powered by Coal and
Diesel.
Area Sources refers to burning of garbage
dust from construction and unpaved roads.

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

MELTING OF GLACIERS IN THE NORTH POLE,
ANTARCTICA AND OTHER FROZEN AREAS. THIS
WILL LEAD TO INCREASES IN THE SEA LEVELS.
THE CONSEQUENCES IS THE INUNDATION AND
FLOODING OF LOW-LYING AREAS.
SMALL ISLANDS MAY EVEN DISAPPEAR. THE
ACCELERATION IN MELTING HAS ACTUALLY
BEGAN.
SINCE 1974, A TOTAL OF 13, 500 SQ. KMS. OF ICE
SHELVES
HAVE
DISINTEGRATED
IN
THE
ANTARCTIC PENINSULA.

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

GLOBAL WARMING AFFECTS SEASONAL PATTERNS
AND CAUSE DISRUPTIONS IN AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTION THAT RELIES HEAVILY ON THE NORMAL
SEASONAL CYCLE OF PLANTING AND HARVESTING.

DISRUPTS THE FEEDING HABITS, MIGRATION AND

REPRODUCTIVE PATTERNS OF ANIMALS.

IN ADDITION, EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS LIKE THE

EL NIO AND LA NIA. LEAD TO DECREASED
PRODUCTIVITY AND FOOD SHORTAGE.

Health impacts of climate variability & change

In July 1995, a heatwave in Chicago, US, caused
514 heat-related deaths and 3,300 excess
emergency admissions
Historic 2003 heatwave in Europe had taken over
20,000 more deaths (from which 14,000 occurred
in French) than usual for that time of year
(WHO,2004)
Hurricane Katrina on August 2005 in Orleans, US,
had taken life of 1,836 people and houses of tens
thousands
Cyclone Nargis on May 2008 in Myanmar
caused
catastrophic
destruction
with
hundreds of thousands deaths.

Climate change currently contributes to the global

burden of disease and premature deaths
Human beings are exposed to CC through
changing weather patterns (temperature,
precipitation, sea-level rise and more
frequent extreme events) and indirectly
through changes in water, air and food
quality and changes in ecosystems,
agriculture, industry and settlements and
the economy.
(IPCC, 2007)

PHILIPPINE
VULNERABILITY
TO CLIMATE
CHANGE

PHILIPPINE VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE

PHILIPPINES IS A COUNTRY THAT IS VULNERABLE
TO THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE.
OUR COUNTRY LIES IN THE PACIFIC TYPHOON
BELT AND WE ARE VISITED BY AN AVERAGE OF 20
CYCLONES EVERY YEAR.
THE THREE (3) RECENT TYPHOONS (PAENG,
QUEENIE AND REMING) ARE ALL SUPER
TYPHOONS.
THE RUGGED NATURE OF OUR LANDSCAPE
MAKES OUR COMMUNITIES VERY VULNERABLE TO
LANDSLIDES,
MUD
FLOWS
AND
OTHER
DISASTERS.

PHILIPPINE VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE

THE PHILIPPINES IS AN ARCHIPELAGIC COUNTRY
WITH MANY SMALL ISLANDS.
WITH ONE OF THE LONGEST COASTLINES IN THE
WORLD AT 32, 400 KILOMETERS, WE HAVE MANY
COASTAL AREAS THAT ARE VULNERABLE TO STORM
SURGES.
THE
PHILIPPINES
IS
STILL
PRIMARILY
AGRICULTURAL AND FISHING ECONOMY.

AN

PHILIPPINES RESPONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE

SIGNED AND RATIFIED BOTH THE UNITED NATIONS
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE KYOTO
PROTOCOL.
IMPLEMENT MEASURES INTENDED TO REDUCE AND
PREVENT GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND ADAPT TO
THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE. Ex. Clean Air Act
PROGRESSIVELY IMPLEMENT BIO-FUELS PROGRAMS
SUCH AS ETHANOL, COCO-DIESEL, AND JATHROPA.
MIXES WITH MOTOR FUEL TO PRODUCE CLEANER
VEHICULAR EMISSIONS. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9637

continuation

PHILIPPINES RESPONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE

ENCOURAGING THE USE OF COMPRESSED NATURAL
GAS.
RECENTLY, THE DENR, DA AND DAR SIGNED A
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING WITH A CHINESE
INVESTORS FOR THE PROVISION OF ONE MILLION
HECTARES FOR THE PLANTING OF CORN FOR ETHANOL.
ENFORCEMENT OF
EMISSION
VEHICLES AND INDUSTRIES

STANDARDS

FOR

continuation

PHILIPPINES RESPONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE

ASSISTING THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS IN SOLID
WASTE
MANAGEMENT
AND
CONSTRUCTION
OF
SANITARY LANDFILL SITES NATIONWIDE.
ACTIVELY PURSUING THE SHIFT TO
SOURCES, LIKE WIND, WATER, NATURAL

RENEWABLE

IMPLEMENTING A GREEN PHILIPPINE PROGRAM THAT

WILL PUT VEGETATION ALL OVER THE PHILIPPINES.
ACCELERATING THE GEO-HAZARD MAPPING PROJECT
TO IDENTIFY AND DETERMINE AREAS MOST VULNERABLE
TO LANDSLIDES, SO THAT COMMUNITIES CAN BE
FORWARDED OF POTENTIAL DANGER.

ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 171

ON FEBRUARY 20, 2009, THE PRESIDENT SIGNED

ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 171 WHICH CREATED
THE PRESIDENT TASK FORCE ON CLIMATE CHANGE
(PTFCC).
THE TASK FORCE IS TASKED TO ACT WITH RESOLVE
AND URGENCY IN ADDRESSING THE ISSUE OF
CLIMATE CHANGE, MITIGATE ITS IMPACT AND ADAPT
TO ITS EFFECTS.

CREEPING CLIMATE CHANGE

Phenomenon:
Creeping Climate Change
Frequency: 22 typhoons
per year; getting stronger
Losses: Php 8 billion
annually (property and
agriculture)
Scope: 1975 to 2002

CREEPING CLIMATE CHANGE

Super typhoons Ondoy, Milenyo,
Reming, Senyang and Queenie

More
precipitation
from increased
evaporation due
to higher temp

Annual
mean
precipitatio
n expected
to increase
about 14%
in East Asia
but this is
not
distributed
evenly in
the region

 Inundate
wetlands and
other low lying
lands
Erode beaches

Rising Sea
Levels

Intensify flooding
Increase the
salinity of rivers,
bays and
groundwater
tables

Based on the IPCC

middle range
scenario,
entire East Asia
Region will
experience
temperature rise
of about 2.5C by
end of the century

Winter temps will

change more than
summer temps.

Minimum daily
temp will increase
more than max.
daily temp
Land will warm
more than oceans,
causing stronger
monsoon
Higher latitudes and
altitudes will
experience greater
warming
Number of frost
days will decline,
precipitation more
rain that snowfall

Across Society
Vulnerable sectors
Agriculture
Freshwater
Health
Biodiversity
Forests

ENSO drought events and rice

1oC increase leads to

15% decrease in rice yield
From: www.sciencentral.com: Cassman, IRRI, National Academy of Sciences

PHILIPPINES
RESPONSES TO
CLIMATE CHANGE

PHILIPPINES RESPONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE

SIGNED AND RATIFIED BOTH THE UNITED NATIONS
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE KYOTO
PROTOCOL.
IMPLEMENT MEASURES INTENDED TO REDUCE AND
PREVENT GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND ADAPT TO
THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE. Ex. Clean Air Act
PROGRESSIVELY IMPLEMENT BIO-FUELS PROGRAMS
SUCH AS ETHANOL, COCO-DIESEL, AND JATHROPA.
MIXES WITH MOTOR FUEL TO PRODUCE CLEANER
VEHICULAR EMISSIONS. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9637

continuation

PHILIPPINES RESPONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE

ENCOURAGING THE USE OF COMPRESSED NATURAL
GAS.
RECENTLY, THE DENR, DA AND DAR SIGNED A
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING WITH A CHINESE
INVESTORS FOR THE PROVISION OF ONE MILLION
HECTARES FOR THE PLANTING OF CORN FOR ETHANOL.
ENFORCEMENT OF
EMISSION
VEHICLES AND INDUSTRIES

STANDARDS

FOR

continuation

PHILIPPINES RESPONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE

ASSISTING THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS IN SOLID
WASTE
MANAGEMENT
AND
CONSTRUCTION
OF
SANITARY LANDFILL SITES NATIONWIDE.
ACTIVELY PURSUING THE SHIFT TO
SOURCES, LIKE WIND, WATER, NATURAL

RENEWABLE

IMPLEMENTING A GREEN PHILIPPINE PROGRAM THAT

WILL PUT VEGETATION ALL OVER THE PHILIPPINES.
ACCELERATE THE GEO-HAZARD MAPPING PROJECT TO
IDENTIFY AND DETERMINE AREAS MOST VULNERABLE TO
LANDSLIDES,
SO THAT COMMUNITIES
CAN
BE
FORWARDED OF POTENTIAL DANGER.

Mitigation measures and strategies

Energy and Transport:

Renewable energy (solar, wind, biomass, tide,
hydro, etc)
Energy efficiency, conservation
Alternative fuels
Public transport, traffic mgt
Waste
Solid waste and wastewater mgt
Methane capture
Land use, Land use change and forestry
Reforestation, afforestation
Urban land use planning
Agriculture
Agricultural residue mgt
Animal waste mgt

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

The Thames Barrier, a major flood defense

system in London designed to be used once
every two to three years is now being used
six times a year due to increased

An analysis of 30 years weather balloon data have

shown that the air over Antarctica is warming even
faster than in other parts of the world . The weather
balloon data show a warming of 0.9 degree to 1.3
degree Fahrenheit per decade over the last 30
years.

By contrast, the
average
worldwide
temperature has
risen 0.2 degree
per decade in that

Last March 2006,

Cyclone Larry
the worst
cyclone to hit
Queensland
since 1931, left
an unbelievable
level of
destruction,
devastation and

In China, at least
300,000 people
are short of
drinking water
because of
unseasonably
warm weather as
China experiences
its warmest winter
for 30 years, which
officials link to
climate change.

Observed Impacts

Glacier degeneration

Glacier areas in
northwest China
have decreased
by 21% since the
little ice age
Qin DH,2005

Observed Impacts
The water levels
of some high
plateau inland
lakes have risen,
submerging
pasture
The permafrost
in Tibet has
gotten thinner by
up to 25 meters;

Impacts on Coastal Zone

Large areas of the Mekong, Red
River deltas and Central coastal
zone would be inundated due to sea
level rise.
Coastal & estuarine wetlands
would be affected due to frequent
floods, severe drought & salinity
(Ca Mau, Ho Chi Minh City, Vung
Tau and Nam Dinh)
Livelihood of coastal population
will be affected by more severe
storms, flood, drought and sea level
rise.

Possible Impacts on
Agriculture

Rice yields 2080s

By 2030, the overall

crop productivity in
China can decrease
5~10% if no action is
taken. By the second half
of the 21st century,
climate change can
cause yield reduction in
rice, maize and wheat up
to 37%. In the next
20~50 years,
agricultural production
may be seriously

Hui Ju

Health impacts of climate variability & change

In July 1995, a heatwave in Chicago, US, caused
514 heat-related deaths and 3,300 excess
emergency admissions
Historic 2003 heatwave in Europe had taken over
20,000 more deaths (from which 14,000 occurred in
French) than usual for that time of year (WHO,2004)
Hurricane Katrina on August 2005 in Orleans, US,
had taken life of 1,836 people and houses of tens
thousands
Cyclone Nargis on May 2008 in Myanmar
caused catastrophic destruction with hundreds
of thousands deaths.

Climate change currently contributes to the global

burden of disease and premature deaths
Human beings are exposed to CC through
changing weather patterns (temperature,
precipitation, sea-level rise and more
frequent extreme events) and indirectly
through changes in water, air and food
quality
and
changes
in
ecosystems,
agriculture, industry and settlements and the
economy.
(IPCC, 2007)

The Philippines has

not been spared of
the weather-related
disturbances and
disasters. The past
typhoons have been
unusually heavy and
have brought
devastation to our
country and our
people.

 In December of
2003, at least
200 people died
from landslides
and flooding
after we
experienced the
heaviest rainfall
in 25 years.

In three days of storm, more than a

meter of rain fell in Surigao City more
than three times the monthly average.

 In

2004, the death toll stood at

412, with 177 people missing,
after typhoon Winnie triggered
landslides and flash floods.

In

Quezon alone, 114 died in

Real, 100 in Infanta, and 92 in
General Nakar.

In February of 2006, an estimated 1,500

2,500 people died after a school and
estimated 500 houses in the village
Guinsaugon, St. Bernard, Leyte was buried
mudflow.

to
an
of
by

This mudslide happened after heavy rains

dumped 459.2 milimeters of rain on the
area in the space of 3 days.

In September 28, 2006, super

typhoon Milenyo the strongest
typhoon to hit Metro Manila in seven
years, cut across Luzon, leaving at
least 18 people dead

VARIABILITY IN TEMPERATURE
DISRUPT CYCLE OF
PLANTING AND
HARVESTING
DISRUPTS FEEDING HABITS,
MIGRATION AND
REPRODUCTIVE PATTERN
OF ANIMALS
DEVASTATIONS FROM EL
NINO AND LA NINA

LOW PRODUCTIVITY AND

FOOD SHORTAGE
LOSS OF INCOME OF POOR
FARMERS AND FISHERMEN

>FLOODING

VARIABILITY IN TEMPERATURE > EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS

CALAMITIES AND DISASTERS

CALAMITIES AND DISASTERS:

- VARIABILITY IN TEMPERATURE > DEVASTATIONS AND HIGH
COST OF LIVES AND PROPERTIES

 HEALTH RISKS:
VARIABILITY IN TEMPERATURE > HEATWAVES &EXTREME COLD
FRONTS
--- HIGH RISK FOR THE OLD, THE SICK, CHILDREN AND THE POOR
--- ECOSYSTEMS TO BE DESTROYED

 Typhoons and Floods

The Philippines is located in the typhoon belt.
An average of 20 typhoons visit the country
every year and incidents of flooding are
higher in the country than anywhere else.

Source: PAGASA

LANDSLIDES

MUD FLOWS

Developing
countries like
the Philippines
will be hit
hardest.
There is a need for
more effective
mitigation and
adaptation
measures to
prepare for the
effects of CLIMATE
CHANGE

SALTWATER
INTRUSION
2003

32,400 Kilometers, Longest Coastline

THE TIPPING POINT

Scientists report: By 2050,

the world would reach the
tipping point of irreversible
climate change

Current level of atmospheric

concentration of GHG: 372 ppm

At 450 ppm, weather patters will be

disrupted, causing stronger typhoons

Ice caps will melt, raising sea

levels by 6 to 7 meters

EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Malabon-Navotas Area: 7-meter rise

Half of the countrys 1,610 municipalities are

located along our coastline with 80% of the
population dependent on seafood.

EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

A one-meter
increase in sea
level could
destroy or
drastically
affect living
conditions in 64
of the countrys
81 provinces.

More intense and longer

droughts since 1970
particularly in the tropics and
subtropics due to increase in
temperature and decrease in
precipitation.

There is observational
evidence of increase
intensity of tropical cyclone
activity in the North Atlantic
since 1970 correlated with
the increase in sea surface
temperature.

Direct
Observations of
Recent Climate
Change

Cold days, cold

nights and frost have
become less frequent.
While hot days, hot
nights, and heat
waves have become
more frequent.
Source: IPCC 4th Assessment Report: Summary for Policy-makers

WAR FOOTING
UNFCCC
Strategies:

Mitigation
- carbon cutting

Adaptation
- adapting systems
to climate change

WAR FOOTING
Every citizen to be on war footing
against climate change
Total mobilization of all sectors in
order to abort the tipping point

We can respond
Ride a bike or walk when
going short distances
Report smoke-belching
vehicles to LTO, Anti-Smoke
Belching Unit
Check the energy efficiency
rating of the appliances
Turn Off your computer and
unplug appliances when not in
use
Avoid overcharging your
mobile phone

We can respond

Lights on only when needed

Clean bulbs/lamps at all times
Change your light bulbs. Use compact fluorescent light (CFL)
instead of incandescent bulbs. CFLs use up 75% less
electricity and last up to 13 times longer

We can respond

Avoid taking a
ride on smoke
belching tricycles,
buses, taxis and
jeepneys

We can respond

Segregate the waste at source into

biodegradables, nonbiodegradables
Recycle paper, cartons, bottles, PET
plastic, pieces of metal, etc.
Keep candy wrappers and other small
waste in your pocket
Reuse scrap paper, reuse reverse page
Opt for recycled paper and paper
products

Minimize the use of disposable

cutleries and plates during parties
When riding a boat or any water
vehicle, do not throw anything into the
water even if the material is
biodegradable

 Carbon sinks = tree

plantings; urban greening

A tree living for 50 years

will generate Php1,593,750
worth of oxygen, provide
Php2,652,000 million worth
of air pollution control,
control soil erosion and
increase soil fertility to the
tune of Php1,593,750
recycle Php1,912,500
worth of water and provide
a home for animals worth
of Php1,592,768.76. This
figure does not include the
value of the fruits, lumber
or beauty derived from.
Just another sensible
reason to take care of our
forests.
Source: Professor T.M. Das, University of Calcutta, India amount have
been converted from U.S. Dollars to Peso at Php51.00

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!