3GPP Overview

Cellular Generations

3 rd generation
IMT-2000

2 nd generation
UMTS/IS-2000
GSM, PDC, IS-95, -Seamless Roaming
IS-136 (D-AMPS) -Service Concepts & Models
-Advanced Mobility
1 st generation -Global Radio Access
(Roaming)
NMT, AMPS, -More Services (Data -Global Solution
TACS Presence)
-Basic Mobility
-Towards Global Solution
-Basic Services
-Incompatibility 2000
1990
1980
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Services in Generations

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 3G Service Key Features

 High-speed data
– 384 Kbps (outdoor)
– 2 Mbps (indoor)

 Internet/Intranet
– Wireless Internet Access
– Mobile Internet

 Global Roaming
 Multimedia including Voice
 Location Based Services

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 Transmission Speed in 3G
Bit Error Rate

10-2
Voice
~9.6kbps

10-3

Vehicle
MSS ~144kbps
10-4 ~9.6kbps

Pedestrian
10-5 ~384kbps

Indoor
10 -6
~2Mbps

10-7
Bit Rate (bps)

10k 100k 1M 10M

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 Terminal Classifications

Personal multimedia
PS voice + PS data
2 Mbps

Personal Internet
CS voice + PS data
384 kbps

Personal communication
CS voice + CS data
64 kbps

Basic
communication
CS voice 9.6kbps

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Initial 3G Plans

EUROPE KOREA
-WCDMA FDD -WCDMA FDD
-WCDMA TDD -CDMA2000
USA
: co-exist with 2G systems
-CDMA2000 CHINA JAPAN
-WCDMA FDD -WCDMA FDD -WCDMA FDD
-WCDMA TDD -WCDMA TDD

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 Spectrum Allocations

T M T T
IMT- IMT-
ITU D
D 2000
S D
D 2000
D
D
S

IMT- IMT-
Korea PCS
2000 2000

D M M
T T
GSM
Europe 1800
E
C
D
D
UMTS S D
D
UMTS S
T S S

P
IMT- IMT-
Japan H
2000 2000
S

USA PCS PCS

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250
Frequency in MHz
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UMTS Characteristics

 High data rates in 5 MHz

– 384 kbps with wide-area coverage
– 2 Mbps with local coverage

 High service flexibility

– support for services with variable rate
– support for simultaneous services
– support of multiple parallel variable-rate
services on one connection
– packet and circuit switched services

 Fast and efficient packet access

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 UMTS Service Flexibility
Multiple Parallel Services
For a single user, multiple services with different variability can be mixed
easily on a single physical resource

Power level
Bit
rate

Bit
rate

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 UMTS Packet Access
Optimized dual mode scheme with adaptive mode selection based
on packet-traffic characteristics

Small infrequent packets appended to Random-Access Request

Arbitrary time
Random-Access Random-Access
Small packet Small packet
Request Request

Random-Access Channel
Large or frequent packets transmitted on dedicated channel

Random-Access
Request

Random-Access Channel
T Time-out
Packet Packet Packet
Dedicated Channel
Release of channel

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 UMTS Architecture
 A UMTS architecture consists of three domains;
– User Equipment (UE)
– UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN)
– Core Network (CN)

UE Iu(CS)
Node B PSTN
Iub MSC GMSC
UE
Node B
Uu RNC
UE SGSN
Iu(PS)
GGSN

GPRS
backbone IP
Network
UE UTRAN CN

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 In More Details …
Uu Iub Iu

Node B
MSC/VLR GMSC PLMN, PSTN, ISDN, etc..
RNC
:
USIM Node B
RNS
Cu
Iur HLR
ME
Node B
UE
RNC
:
SGSN
: GGSN Internet
Node B
RNS

UTRAN CN External Networks

USIM : Universal Subscriber Identity Module MSC : Mobile Switching Center

VLR : Visitor Location Register : Interface
ME : Mobile Equipment
UE : User Equipment GMSC : Gateway
Gateway MSC
MSC
RNC : Radio Network Controller HLR : Home Location Register : Route for Circuit Switched Service
RNS : Radio Network Sub-System SGSN : Serving
Serving GPRS
GPRS Support
Support Node
Node
UTRAN : UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network GGSN : Gateway GPRS Support Node
CN : Core Network : Route for Packet Switched Service

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UMTS FDD

 Main scheme in UMTS

 Proposed by ETSI Alpha group
 Technical Summary
– Frequency band : Paired
 1920 MHz -1980 MHz for UL
 2110 MHz - 2170 MHz for DL
– Chip rate: 3.84 Mcps
– Modulation: QPSK

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UMTS HCR TDD
 A.k.a. TD-CDMA (Time Division-)
 Proposed by ETSI Delta group
 Beneficial for asymmetric data transmission
– e.g., more time slots are allocated for DL than for UL

 Technical Summary
– Frequency band : Unpaired
 1900 MHz -1920 MHz
 2010 MHz - 2025 MHz
– Chip rate: 3.84 Mcps
– Modulation: QPSK

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 UMTS LCR TDD
 A.k.a. TD-SCDMA (Time Division – Synchronous)
 Proposed by China Wireless Telecommunication Standards
group (CWTS)
 Developed by the Chinese Academy of Telecommunications
Technology (CATT) and Siemens
 Technical Summary
– Frequency band
 2010 MHz - 2025 MHz in China
– Chip rate: 1.28 Mcps
– Modulation: QPSK or 8-PSK

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IMT-2000 Family

The 5 IMT 2000 terrestrial interfaces agreed by ITU-R

Direct Single Carrier Multi-Carrier Frequency

Sequence Time Code Time

DS TC SC MC FT

UTRA TDD
UTRA FDD High & low UWC 136 cdma2000 DECT
chip rates

3GPP UWCC
3GPP2 ETSI
TR45

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 IMT-2000 Two Global Standard Bodies
GSM,
GPRS,
EDGE,
UMTS
(WCDMA)
IS-95,
Asynchronous
IS-2000
Euro-Japan Driven
(MC-CDMA,
CDMA2000)
Synchronous
USA Driven

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 What does 3GPP do?
 3GPP prepares and maintains specifications for all of the
technologies on the GSM evolution path

Evolution

GSM
GPRS
EDGE
UMTS – FDD
UMTS – TDD

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 GSM Evolution Paths to UMTS

GSM EDGE
UMTS
GPRS
FDD
TDD High: 3.84Mcps
Low : 1.28Mcps

Voice & low-speed data Voice & medium-speed data Voice & high-speed data
Circuit Packet Circuit & Packet
Switched Switched Switched
IP (option)

Paths from other technologies, e.g. IS-136, PDC…

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3GPP Work Procedures

Recommendations

Partners
OP MRP PCG
ITU
Support
IMT-2000
Individual TSG
Members TSG
TSG
TSG
TSG ITU members

Specifications OP

Standards

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 Organizational Partners
 3GPP is open to all national/regional Standards Development
Organizations irrespective of their geographical location

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 Market Representation Partners

 Providing market advice to 3GPP

UMTS
Forum

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 Individual Members

 Membership in an Organizational
Partner is a pre-requisite for
Individual Membership in 3GPP
 Individual Membership is open to
legal entities committed to
support 3GPP and to:
– contribute technically or otherwise to
one or more of the Technical
Specification Groups within the
3GPP scope
– use the 3GPP results to the extent
feasible

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3GPP TSG Structures

PCG
(Project Coordination Group)

TSG
TSG CN
CN TSG
TSG GERAN
GERAN TSG
TSG RAN
RAN TSG
TSG SA
SA TSG
TSG T
T
(GSM/EDGE Radio (Service
(Service &
& System
System
(Core Network) (Radio Access
Access Network)
Network) (Terminals)
(Terminals)
Access Network) Aspects)

CN TT WG1
WG1
CN WG1
WG1 GERAN
GERAN WG1
WG1 RAN
RAN WG1
WG1 SA
SA WG1
WG1 (Mobile
(Mobile Terminal
Terminal
(MM/CC/SM)
(MM/CC/SM) (Radio
(Radio aspects)
aspects) (Radio
(Radio Layer
Layer 1)
1) (Services)
(Services) Conformance
Conformance Testing)
Testing)

CN RAN
RAN WG2
WG2 TT WG2
WG2
CN WG2
WG2 GERAN
GERAN WG2
WG2 (Radio
(Radio Layer
Layer 22 &
& Layer
Layer 33
SA
SA WG2
WG2 (Mobile
(Mobile Terminal
Terminal
(CAMEL)
(CAMEL) (Protocol
(Protocol aspects)
aspects) (Architecture)
(Architecture)
RR)
RR) Services
Services &
& Capabilities)
Capabilities)

CN TT WG3
WG3
CN WG3
WG3 GERAN
GERAN WG3
WG3
RAN
RAN WG3
WG3 SA
SA WG3
WG3 (USIM
(USIM :: Universal
Universal
(Interworking
(Interworking with
with (Iub/Iur/Iu
(Iub/Iur/Iu &
& UTRAN
UTRAN
(BS
(BS testing
testing and
and O&M)
O&M) (Security)
(Security) Subscriber
Subscriber Identity
Identity
External
External Networks)
Networks) O&M)
O&M) Module)
Module)

CN GERAN
GERAN WG4
WG4
CN WG4
WG4 (Terminal
(Terminal testing
testing :: radio
radio
RAN
RAN WG4
WG4 SA
SA WG4
WG4
(MAP/GTP/BCH/SS)
(MAP/GTP/BCH/SS) (Radio
(Radio Performance)
Performance) (Codec)
(Codec)
aspects)
aspects)

CN
CN WG5
WG5 GERAN
GERAN WG5
WG5 SA
(OSA
(OSA :: Open
Open Service
Service (Terminal
(Terminal testing
testing ::
SA WG5
WG5
(Telecom
(Telecom Management)
Management)
Architecture)
Architecture) protocol
protocol aspects)
aspects)

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 3GPP CN

 Core Network group is

responsible for:
– CC (Call Control), MM (Mobility
Managements) between UE and CN
– Signalling between CN nodes
– Interworking functions between CN and
external networks
– CN of lu interface

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3GPP GERAN

 GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network group is

responsible for :
– Specification of radio access part of GSM/EDGE (RF,
Layer 1, 2 and 3)
– Specification of internal (Abis, Ater) and external (A,
Gb) interfaces
– Conformance test specifications for all aspects of
GERAN base stations and terminals
– GERAN specific O&M specifications for the nodes in
the GERAN

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 3GPP RAN

 Radio Access Network group is

responsible for:
– Radio Layer 1, 2 and 3 specification
– Iub, Iur and Iu Interfaces
– UTRAN Operation and Maintenance requirements
– Node B radio performance specification
– Conformance test specification for testing of radio
aspects of Node Bs
– Specifications for radio performance aspects from
the system point of view

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3GPP SA

 Services and System Aspects group is

responsible for:
– Definition of services and feature requirements
– Development of service capabilities and service
architecture for cellular, fixed and cordless
applications
– Charging and Accounting
– Network Management and Security Aspects
– Definition, evolution, and maintenance of overall
architecture

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 3GPP T

 Terminal group is responsible for:

– Service capability protocols
– Messaging
– Services end-to-end interworking
– USIM to Mobile Terminal interface
– Model/framework for terminal interfaces and
services (application) execution
– Conformance test specifications of terminals,
including radio aspects

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MCC : Mobile Competence Centre

MCC:
• provides comprehensive support for 3GPP
• is located at the ETSI HQ in Sophia Antipolis, France
• is an International team from 4 continents
• is ISO 9000 compliant

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 TSG Meetings (2003 example)

RAN2
RAN2 SA2
SA2
1 Jan MBMS AH : London #29 : San Francisco

2 Feb #34 : Sophia Antipolis #30 : Milan

Specifications
3 Mar RP#19 : Birmingham SP#19 : Birmingham Ver. 2003-03

4 Apr #35 : Seoul #31 : Seoul

5 May MBMS AH : Paris / #36 : Euro Disney #32 : San Diego

Specifications
6 Jun RP#20 : Hämeenlinna SP#20 : Hämeenlinna Ver. 2003-06

7 Jul #33 : Sophia Antipolis

8 Aug #37 : Budapest #34 : Brűssels

Specifications
9 Sep RP#21 : Frankfurt SP#21 : Frankfurt Ver. 2003-09

10 Oct #38 : Sophia Antipolis #35 : Asia

11 Nov #39 : San Diego #36 : Sophia Antipolis

Specifications
12 Dec RP#22 : Hawaii SP#22 : Hawaii Ver. 2003-12

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 Individual Members Work Flow
Tdoc
number
Tdoc
number
Tdocs to
e-mail
IM Job : -
request allocation reflector
MCC Job : -
Agreed
CRs

1-2 weeks before WG meeting Plenary meeting

Change Specifications
Discussion Agreed?
Request

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 3GPP Work Item Management

 Work items:
– Feature
– Building block
– Work task

Features F1 F2 F3

Building
Blocks B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6

Work
W1 W2 W3 W4 W5
Tasks

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 3GPP Releases
 Specifications are grouped into “Releases”
– A mobile system can be constructed based on the set of all
specifications which comprise a given Release
– A Release differs from the previous Release by having added
functionality introduced as a result of ongoing standardization work

 Releases
– Release 99
 content frozen December 1999
– Release 4
 content frozen March 2001
– Release 5
 functionality frozen March 2002
– Release 6
 functionality expected to be frozen in early 2004

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3GPP Releases Concept
Basic feature established

R4 new feature added

: LCR TDD, ROHC
R99
R5 new feature added
: HSDPA, IMS
R99 R4

R6 new feature added

: MBMS, WLAN
R4 R5
R99 interworking

R4 R5 R6
R99

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 3GPP Releases Timeline

GSM UMTS
Phase 1 Phase 2 Rel'96 Rel'97 Rel'98 Rel'99 Rel-4 Rel-5 Rel-6

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

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 Release 99

 Contents frozen December 1999

 Main features:
– UTRA FDD
– UTRA TDD (3.84 Mcps)
– Narrowband AMR
– CAMEL Phase 3
– LCS (Location Service)

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 Release 4
 Contents frozen March 2001
 Main features:
– Low Chip Rate TDD (1.28 Mcps)
– GERAN concept established
– MSC split
 MGW (Media Gateway) for transport
 MSC server for signalling
– ROHC (Robust Header Compression)
– New Messaging Systems
 Enhanced messaging (rich text formatting and still image)
 Multimedia messaging (multimedia attachments)
– Streaming
 Retrieval of real time video (e.g. movie playback)

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 ROHC (Robust Header Compression)
 ROHC is :
– Header Compression technique
for real-time IP packet (e.g.,
RTP/UDP/IP) in wireless UE
environment
– Standardized in IETF (RFC3095), Header Compression
and adopted in 3GPP (PDCP)
– Compression efficiency ~ 90% (60
 1 byte)
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Core
Network
UTRAN
e2e IP
1. Transmitter transmits Full Header
packet, and Receiver stores the static
field of Full Header in the Context
FH 2. Transmitter transmits Compressed
CH Header packet, and Receiver
retrieves original header by Context
and Compressed Header
Releases 5
 Functionality frozen March 2002
 Main features:
– HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access)
 Bit rate up to 10Mbps
– IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem)
 IP-based multimedia services
 Handling of multimedia services using SIP signalling
– Wideband AMR (new 16 kHz codec)
– Messaging enhancements (EMS, MMS)
– CAMEL Phase 4 (CAMEL in IMS)
– Intra domain connection of RAN nodes to multiple CN
nodes
 Opens the way to Network Sharing

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What does HSDPA provide?
 Evolution of the 3GPP air interface
 Provides integrated voice on a dedicated channel
(DCH) and high speed data on downlink shared
channel on the same carrier (HS-DSCH)
 Combines Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC)
and Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ)
 To be deployed in both Frequency Division Duplex
(FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) modes (in
both HCR and LCR)
 Provides data rates of at least 3 Mbit/s and
expected to evolve to data rates in the order of
10Mbit/s in downlink

A growing number of operators regard HSDPA

as a key to expansion of 3G

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 HSDPA Features
 Characteristics
– TTI = 2ms (= 1 sub-frame = 3 slots)
– QPSK and 16 QAM modulation
– Incremental redundancy HARQ

 Basic operation [FDD mode]

Node B (Downlink)
HS-SCCH sub-frame

HS-PDSCH sub-frame sub-frame

(0) Channel Quality Report (3) ACK/NACK

(1) Control Info

UE (Uplink) (2) User Data

HS-DPCCH sub-frame sub-frame sub-frame

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HSDPA Architecture
HARQ and HSDPA scheduling
functions are included in a new entity
MAC-hs
RLC RLC

MAC-D

MAC-
c/sh HS- HS-
MAC HS- HS- DSCH DSCH
DSCH DSCH FP FP
MAC- FP FP
hs
L2 L2 L2 L2

PHY PHY L1 L1 L1 L1

UE Node B CRNC Iur SRNC

Uu Iub

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 IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)

 IMS provides:
– IP Transport in the Core network
– IP Transport in the UTRAN

 And this therefore provides the

possibility for:
– End to end IP services
– Easy adoption and integration of instant
messaging, presence and real time
conversational services

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 UTRAN Evolution

R99/R4 R5 Future Release

RAN Architecture IP Transport RAN Advanced RAN

Core Network Core Network

Core Network

RNC Bearer RRM

RNC
Server
RNC IP
Transport OpenRAN

RNC Control
Server Location
Server

Node-B
Node-B Node-B Node-B Access
Point Node-B

• concentration • IP routing • Signalling/bearer separation

• IP transport • Distributed RRM

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 Release 6
 Functionality expected to be frozen in early 2004
 Main features:
– Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS)
– Wireless LAN/UMTS interworking
– IMS Phase 2 (including IMS Messaging, IMS Group Management)
– Network sharing
– Digital Rights Management
– Radio optimisation
– Generic user profile

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MBMS

Broadcast/Multicast capable
UTRAN/GERAN Content
provider 1

Content
Networking

Multimedia data is Broadcast/

Content
Broadcast/Multicast from a Multicast provider 2
single source entity to Server
multiple recipients

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 Wireless LAN/UMTS Interworking

 Loose coupling
– Wireless LAN operated in
Packet data
parallel with UMTS network and
IMS
– Adopted for Release 6

 Tight coupling
GGSN
– Wireless LAN is an access
technology into SGSN Gateway
SGSN

Loose Tight
Coupling Coupling

WLAN UTRAN

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 And what's beyond Release 6?
 3GPP studies already looking beyond Release 6
– ad hoc study group on 3G evolution
– preparing a "Road Map" for the long-term role of 3GPP

 New areas to explore, e.g.

– New radio modulation techniques
 e.g. MIMO, OFDM
– Exploitation of high speed packet
operation
 e.g. Uplink Enhancement of Dedicated
Channel
– Exploitation of IP
– Further Integration and interworking with
Wireless LANs

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 SuYoung Jang

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