Muhammad Ali

Jinnah
By: Marina Romany
10D

?Who is he
A politician, lawyer and
Pakistans first Governor-General
Known as Quaid-I Azam or
Great Leader
He successfully campaigned and
led Pakistans independent from
India and became its first leader .

 Born on December 25, 1876, in

Karachi, Pakistan.
His father was a prosperous
Muslim merchant named Jinnah
Poonja.
He received his early education at
the Sindh Madrasah and later at the
Mission School, Karachi

Departure to England(1)
His father decided to send him to England to acquire business experience.
However, he made up his mind to become a barrister.
Married at the age of 16 years old before he left India and go to London.
However, both of his mother and wife died when he was in London.
He then continue his study at Bombay University and at Lincoln's Inn in
London. He completed his study in 2 years and became the youngest barrister
of India.

Departure to England (2)

While he was in England, he was terrified by the fact that so many people from India

became slave there and treated poorly.

He realized that theres a different of treatment between the rulers and the ruled.
However, he was inspired by Dadabhai Naoroji, who won an election & became a

member of British parliament.

It was for the 1st time in the 50-year British rule in India that an Indian was able to made a

way to the British parliament.

Membership of the Muslims

league

The Muslim League was founded in 1906.

At first, Jinnah didnt have any interest at all.
However, he joined the Muslim League in 1913
but without leaving the congress.
In 1916, he became the president of the Muslim
League.
As a member of the Muslim League, Jinnah
began to work for Hindu-Muslim unity.

Membership of the Muslims

league
Mohammad Ali Jinnah really tried to bring the Muslim League and the Congress

closer to each other.

Jinnah also made an agreement between Indian National Congress and Muslim

league in December 1916 known as Lucknow Pact

The pact dealt both with the structure of the government of India and with the

relation of the Hindu & Muslim communities.

His effort to get the pact approved made him to a title of Ambassador of Hindu-

Muslim Unity from Mrs. Sarojini Naidu (the congress leader).

The British Movement

Murder Muslims

Snatch their properties

Make bad economy

Occupied on trade

Drop the Muslims from the army

 Jinnah married again with a woman named

Rattanbai Petit in 1918.

Rattanbais religion was parsi, which was

different with Jinnahs. Many people

didn'tt like the marriage between persons
of two religions.
When Rattanbai hit 18, she converted into

Muslim and changed her name into

Maryam.
In 1919, Rattanbai bore a daughter named

Dina.

 By 1918, Mohandas Gandhi had become one of the main leaders of the Congress Party.
Jinnah and Gandhi had different mind. Gandhi wanted a non-violent protest to gain
independence, while Jinnah wanted constitutional struggle to gain independence.
Their different thoughts led Jinnah to leave the Congress party in 1920.
At this time, Jinnah brought out a program to reduce the differences between the
Congress party and the Muslim League, which was called as Jinnahs fourteen points.

Jinnahs Fourteen Points

Jinnahs fourteen points made it clear to Hindus and British Government that Muslims wanted their

own identity without influence by Hindus

The fourteen points of Jinnah were purpose as a constitutional reform plan to protect the political rights
of Muslims in India.
His demands includes:
a) The government should be federal.
b) At least 1/3 of the central legislature will be Muslim.
c) Government should provide assistance and financial relief to minorities so that they can fulfill
their religious activities
d) There should be religious freedom to all the minorities of the state.
e) Etc.

 However, his fourteen points program didnt

worked out because the Congress party didnt

accept it.
Due to this, Jinnahs personal life started to

worsened. He was paying too much attention to

his work and didnt pay attention to his family.
His marriage didnt worked out, and he got

divorced in 1927.
Not long after that, Rattanbai died in 1929 due

to a disease.

* Conflict between the Muslim

League and Congress

continued throughout the
1930s.
* He thought the Hindu-Muslim
Unity was possible, but the
conflict kept continuing and
his thought was no longer
seemed realistic at that time.
* He had a thought that
partition was necessary to
safeguard the rights of Indian
Muslims.

* Also called as Tehrik-e-Pakistan.

* This movement was led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, and achieved success in 1947.
* A form of successful historical movement against British and Indian to have an
independent Muslim state named Pakistan created from the separation of the NorthWestern region of the Indian subcontinent

Independence of
:Pakistan

Jinnah proposed the partition of India and the creation of

Pakistan, in the area where Muslims constitute a majority (1940)

Territories:

In 1942 the Muslim League adopted the Pakistan Resolution to

partition India into states

India was then divided into three territories.

The independent state of Pakistan came to be on August 14,

1947.

1. Hindu Majority, makes up

present-day India.
2. A Muslim Area (Northwest),
Pakistan.
3. Made up of Bengal and Assam,
with a narrow Muslim Majority

Two Nation Theory

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was the founder of Two Nation Theory. The word two nation was used
for Hindus and Muslims after being convinced of the Hindus and Congress hatred, hostility and
prejudice for the Muslims

He tried to make the Muslims realise their differences with the Hindus in religions, social and
language, rational and international identity

To succeed this progress, he switched attention of the Indian Muslims towards a new idea of
Two Nation or Two Entities

After the Hindu-Urdu controversy, he thought that it was impossible for Hindus and Muslims
to work as a single nation

Death
O

Jinnah had been suffering from 1940s, but only his close relatives knew
about this.

After the partition of India and the creation of Pakistan, he became the
governor general of Pakistan. There are a lot of things he had to do. This
made his health got worsened.

On 11 September 1948, Jinnah died from Tuberculosis and lung cancer