MEC223

Design of Machine
Element -I

Unit I Introduction
Lecture 1
Machine Design
Basic procedure of machine design
Basic requirements of machine elements

Phases in
Design

Basic Procedure of Machine

Design

Basic Procedure of Machine

Design

Basic Requirements of
Machine Elements
Strength
Rigidity
Wear Resistance
Minimum Dimensions and
Weight
Manufacturability
7

Basic Requirements of
Machine Elements
Safety
Conformance to Standards
Reliability
Maintainability
Minimum Life cycle Cost
8

Design of Machine Element

Design of Machine Element

10

Traditional Design Methods

Design by Craft
Design by Drawing

11

Design Synthesis
Design synthesis is defined as the
process of creating or selecting
configurations, materials, shape
and dimensions for a product.
It is a decision making process
with the main objective of
optimisation.
12

Design Synthesis
Design synthesis (optimum)
v/s Design Analysis
In Design synthesis, objectives
such
as
minimum
cost,
minimum volume or weight,
maximum life can be fixed.
13

Design Synthesis procedure

Mathematical formulation of
the objectives and
requirements.
Then mathematical analysis
for optimization and
interpretation of the results.
14

Design Synthesis Example

Consider the problem of
designing a cylindrical can.
r = radius of can
h = height of can
A = surface area of can
V = volume of can
15

Design Synthesis Example

A= 2 r 2 rh
....(a)
2
V =
....(b)
r h
Substitute Eq. (b) in Equation (a)
A =
....(c)
2
V
2
2

2 r

16

Design Synthesis Example

For minimum cost of material
of the can, (dA /dr) = 0 or

2V
4 r 2 0
r
or

V
r
2

1
3

17

Design Synthesis Example

18

Use of standards in design

Standardization is defined as obligatory
norms, to which various characteristics
of a product should conform.
The characteristics include materials,
dimensions
and
shape
of
the
component, method of testing and
method of marking, packing and
sorting of product.

19

Standards used in mechanical

engineering design
Standards
for
Materials,
their
Chemical Compositions, Mechanical
Properties and Heat treatments.
IS 210 for gray cast iron like FG 150, FG
200, FG 220 etc
IS 1570 (part 4) specifies chemical
composition like 55Cr3 has 0.5 0.6 %
carbon, 0.1- 0.35 % Si, 0.6-0.8
Manganese and 0.6 0.8% chromium
20

Following standards are used

in mechanical engineering
designand dimensions
Standards for Shapes
of commonly used Machine elements

Like IS 2494 for cross section of V-belts.

IS 5129 dimensions of rotary shaft oil seal
units.
Standards for Fits, Tolerances and
surface finish ( IS 2709, IS 919, IS
10719)

21

Cont......
Standards
products

for

Testing

of

IS 2825 for testing of pressure vessels

Standards
for
Engineering
drawing of components
Standard v/s Code
22

Selection of preferred Sizes

The system is based on the use of
geometric progression to develop a
set of numbers.
Five basic series R5, R10, R20, R40
and R80 which increases in steps of
58%, 26%, 12%, 6%, and 3 %
respectively
23

Cont

24