Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INTRODUCTION
What is a project?
Typical projects
Elements of a project
Writing a project proposal
What is a Project?
A project is a designated set of tasks needed to
accomplish a particular goal.
Characteristics of true projects:
They have a clear and agreed upon objective.
They have a defined life span.
Generally involve doing something that is new or a
one-time effort.
have specific requirements (time, cost, and
performance are the three basic sets of
requirements).
Elements of a project
Generally projects have:
a defined beginning
multiple activities performed to a plan
a defined end.
Problem
Activities
Solution
Research proposal
Objectives
Request permission to undertake research
Obtain feedback on ideas
Request resources
Competition for resources
Clarify ideas
Satisfy academic requirements?
Research proposal
Proposal should contain
Title of the project - Appropriate
Authors Including affiliation
An abstract Brief description of
problem and proposed solution
Problem statement clear
Research proposal
Proposal should contain
Aims and objectives
Expected outcomes
Literature review
Justification
Methodology
Time plan
Budget(?)
FORMAT. PROPOSAL
Title -Brief and suitable for indexing
Authors
- Include affiliation
Introduction, Literature,
Methodology, Time plan, Refs.
Abstract
Precise intro., results, conclusion
No referencing
Avoid un-identified abbreviation
Introduction
What is the problem?
Define parameters
Literature Review
What is the current practice?
How much is already known?
Where are the gaps?
Problem statement
Objectives
Justification
What is the importance or benefit of
this work?
Has the problem been addressed in
the past?
Expected Results
Time plan
- A detailed time schedule of activities
- Could be in form of a Gantt chart or
any other convenient form
- Should be realistic
References
Source of information
Make sure they are accurate
Avoid plagiarism
Equations
Equations must be clear
Numbering of equations consistent
L=2*C+(D-d)2/4C+2*(D+d)
(D d )
L 2C
( D d ) (1)
4C
2
2
Figures
Must be clear
Captions at bottom
Numbering consistent
Tables
Captions at the top
Numbering consistent
Good proposal
A good proposal is:
Clear
Concise
Not cluttered with technical jargon
Check points
Why do I want to do it?
What will I do?
What solutions do I expect?
Of what use is the solution?
How long and how much will it take?
References
1. Farr, A. D., Science writing for Beginners, Blackwell Sc.
Pub. (1985)
2. Ngeno, J. T. and Owino, M.:, Learn to write well, or not to
write at all, Int. J. Report Writing, Vol. 1 No. 1 (2007) pp. 117.
Get on to work