Prelab Report - Cooling Tower Experiment

PROBLEM B3
EVAPORATIVE
COOLING ANG
HUMIDIFICATION
Che514L Friday
5-ChEA Group 1
San Juan, Jamie Ashley
E.
San Miguel, John Andre
Singh, Daljit
Silvester, Ces Angelin
OBJECTIVES
To
apply
the
principles
of
humidification
and
evaporative
cooling in the shell-and-tube heat
exchanger-cooling tower network in
the laboratory.
To study the parts of an induced
draft, counter flow cooling tower and
their uses.
To estimate the number of transfer
units and height of a transfer unit of
ChE514L Friday 5A G1
COOLING TOWER
equipment used to reduce the temperature of a water
stream
by extracting heat from water and emitting it to the
atmosphere.
makes use of evaporation whereby some of the water is
evaporated into a moving air stream and subsequently
discharged into the atmosphere.
the purpose of a cooling tower is to conserve cooling
water by allowing the cooled water to be reused many
times
COOLING TOWER
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
PARTS OF COOLING TOWER
Frame and
casing
Fill
(Packings)
Drift
eliminator
Nozzles
Air Inlet
(Louvers)
Fans
Cold Water
Basin
6
ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE

ADVANTAGE
- achieve water temperatures below the
temperature of the air used to cool it.
- smaller and cheaper for the same cooling
load
DISADVANTAGE
- risk of water fouling
- risk of water-borne organisms
COOLING TOWER PERFORMANCE

PARAMETERS:
1. Wet bulb temperature of air
2. Dry bulb temperature of air
3. Inlet water temperature
4. Outlet water temperature
5. Exhaust air temperature
6. Electrical readings of pump and fan
motors
7. Water flow rate
8. Air flow rate

Range difference between water inlet
and outlet temperature.
Approach difference between the water
outlet temperature and ambient wet bulb
temperature.
Effectiveness ratio between the actual
range and ideal range (Range / (Range +
Approach).
Cooling Capacity heat rejected (mCpT)
Evaporation loss water quantity
evaporated for cooling duty.
Liquid/Gas ratio ratio between the water
10
EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

Boiler
11

Cooling Tower
12
Heat Exchanger
13
Water Tank
14
Anemometer
15
Digital Thermometer
16
Tape Measure
17
Mercury Thermometer
with Cotton
18
1-L Beaker
19
PROCEDURE
Safety and Preliminary

Star-Up
Experimental Proper
Shutdown
20
SAFETY AND PRELIMENARY

Check the equipment to be used
Operating parameters should be within
operational specifications
Should have prior knowledge with the
system before operating
Simultaneous operation with the shelland-tube heat exchanger and boiler
21

Be careful with the
use of movable ladder.
When climbing, there
should always be a
support at the bottom.
Open the windows
and exhaust fan to
maintain
proper
ventilation
22

Before starting
up the Boiler,
there must be
coordination
with the Tunnel
Drier group
Picture sana ng
tunnel drier group
HAHA
23

Prepare the Data table
for efficient data
gathering
Prepare all necessary
measuring
instruments to be
used
Special handling of
the measuring
instruments should be
considered
24
START-UP
1. Check the Catch
Basin before turning
on the main switch,
it should be at least
full of water
2. Open the water
inlet valve in the
boiler and the main
source of diesel fuel
25
START-UP
3. Switch on the main switches in the
following order: 1, 2 then 3, 4
1 for Water Pump Boiler
2 for Control Panel Boiler
3 for Water Pump Tank
4 for Cooling Tower
26
START-UP
4. Turn on the
Boiler
-note: the safety
button should be
pressed down
-run for 15 to 20
minutes to achieve
steady state
27
START-UP
5. Open steam valve to start the
experimental proper (dont forget the
tunnel drier group)
Be sure that everything is ready before
starting the experimental procedure.
28
EXPERIMENTAL
CONSTAN
T
Heat
Exchanger
must be in steady
state
before
gathering data.
29
EXPERIMENTAL
AIR CONDITIONS
t5
t6
Measure every 10 minutes until

steady state is attained ( 0.5
Dry-bulb Temperature
difference between any three
Wet-bulb Temperature
consecutive data.
)T
WATER CONDITIONS
T
T
T
T
T6
t1
t2
t3
t4
Entering
Exit
Entering Temperature
Exit Temperature
FLOW RATES
Water
Entering Volumetric Rate
30
EXPERIMENTAL
AIR CONDITIONS
t1
t2
t3
t4
t5
t6
Entering
Exit
31
EXPERIMENTAL
WATER
CONDITIONS
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
Entering Temperature
Exit Temperature
32
EXPERIMENTAL
FLOW RATES
Water
Entering Volumetric
Rate
Exit Mass Flowrate
Air
Entering Velocity
Exit Velocity
33
SHUTDOWN
1) Switch off:
- Boiler
- Water pump in boiler
- Diesel
- Breaker 1 and 2
2) Wait for 15 20 minutes for all the steam to
condense
3) Switch off Breaker 3 and 4
34
RAW DATA
Diameter of
tower
Height of
Packing, Z
Ambient Room
Temperature
198 cm
134 cm
280C
35
RAW DATA
AIR CONDITIONS
t1
t2
t3
t4
t5
t6
t7
t8
t9
t10
Dry-bulb Temperature , 6C
30.7
33
30.2
31
31.1
30.1
31.2
31.6
31.2
31.2
Wet-bulb Temperature, 6C
28.5
24
26
28
28
29
28
28
28
28
Dry-bulb Temperature, 6C
29
29.8
28.8
30.3
30.6
30.3
30.4
30.5
30.6
30.6
Wet-bulb Temperature,
24.5
23
24
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
WATER CONDITIONS
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8
T9
T10
Entering Temperature, 6C
36
39
40
41
42
43
43.5
43
43
43.5
Exit Temperature, 6C
30
33
34
35
36
36
36
36
36
36
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
Time to fill 1000 L Beaker,
1.43
0.59
1.28
1.43
1.61
1.51
1.55
1.56
1.69
1.53
Entering
Exit
FLOW RATES
Water
s
Air
36
TREATED DATA
AIR CONDITIONS
t1
t2
t3
t4
t5
t6
t7
t8
t9
t10
30.7
33
30.2
31
31.1
30.1
31.2
31.6
31.2
31.2
29
29.8
28.8
30.3
30.6
30.3
30.4
30.5
30.6
30.6
WATER CONDITIONS
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8
T9
T10
Entering Temperature, TL2

(oC)
36
39
40
41
42
43
43.5
43
43
43.5
Exit Temperature, TL1 (oC)
30
33
34
35
36
36
36
36
36
36
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
Entering
Relative Humidity
Exit
Relative Humidity
FLOW RATES
Water
Exit Mass Flowrate, L
(kg/s)
699.3 1694.9 781.25 699.3 621.11 662.25 645.16 641.02 591.71 653.59
37
07
1
00
8
1
1
5
6
4
SAMPLE CALCULATION
38
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AND

SUGGESTIONS
Boiler shutdowns
Have a consistent pattern in
recording data
Hot / bring extra clothes
Free sauna
Flashlight for flowrate
Dont hesitate to ask.
39
SUMMARY
40

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PROBLEM B3

PARTS OF COOLING TOWER

ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE

COOLING TOWER PERFORMANCE

COOLING TOWER PERFORMANCE

COOLING TOWER PERFORMANCE

EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

Safety and Preliminary

SAFETY AND PRELIMENARY

SAFETY AND PRELIMENARY

SAFETY AND PRELIMENARY

SAFETY AND PRELIMENARY

Measure every 10 minutes until

Entering Volumetric Rate

Time to fill 1000 L Beaker,

Entering Temperature, TL2

Exit Temperature, TL1 (oC)

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AND

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