SRI HANDANI, M.

Si

BESARAN DAN SATUAN

BESARAN
BESARAN POKOK DAN BESARAN TURUNAN
SATUAN DAN SISTEM SATUAN
BESARAN VEKTOR

BESARAN ?
BESARAN POKOK/DASAR?
BESARAN TURUNAN?

SATUAN?
SATUAN INTERNASIONAL (SI)
SATUAN NON INTERNASIONAL (NON SI)

BESARAN POKOK/DASAR

BESARAN TAMBAHAN

Satuan Dasar dalam

Mekanika
Panjang
Massa
Waktu

L
M
T

Contoh:
Kelajuan mempunyai dimensi L / T

(m/s).
Gaya memiliki dimensi ML / T2

Length:
Distance
Length (m)
Radius of visible universe
1
To Andromeda Galaxy
2
To nearest star
4 x 1016
Earth to Sun 1.5 x 1011
Radius of Earth
6.4 x 106
Sears Tower
4.5 x 10 2
Football field 1.0 x 102
Tall person
2 x 100
Thickness of paper
1 x 10-4
Wavelength of blue light
4
Diameter of hydrogen atom 1
Diameter of proton
1 x 10-15

x 1026
x 1022

x 10-7
x 10-10

Time:
Interval
Age of universe
Age of Grand Canyon
32 years
One year
One hour
Light travel from Earth to Moon
One cycle of guitar A string
One cycle of FM radio wave
Lifetime of neutral pi meson
Lifetime of top quark

Time (s)
5 x 1017
3 x 1014
1 x 109
3.2 x 107
3.6 x 103
1.3 x 100
2 x 10-3
6 x 10-8
1 x 10-16
4 x 10-25

Mass:
Object
Milky Way Galaxy
Sun
Earth
Boeing 747
Car
Student
Dust particle
Top quark
Proton
Electron
Neutrino

Mass (kg)
4 x 1041
2 x 1030
6 x 1024
4 x 105
1 x 103
7 x 101
1 x 10-9
3 x 10-25
2 x 10-27
9 x 10-31
1 x 10-38

Units...
SI (Systme International) Units:
mks: L = meters (m), M = kilograms (kg), T = seconds

(s)
cgs: L = centimeters (cm), M = grams (g), T = seconds
(s)
British Units:
Inches, feet, miles, pounds, slugs...

We will use mostly SI units, but you may run across some

problems using British units. You should know how to

convert back & forth.

m
ih
irh
m
frm
ti3
1
m
1
h
r
m
1

5
2
8
0

0
.
4
7
.2
8ft3
6
0ss

Converting between
different systems of units
Useful Conversion factors:
1 inch = 2.54
1
1
1

cm
m
= 3.28 ft
mile = 5280 ft
mile = 1.61 km

Example: convert miles per hour to meters

per second:

Dimensional Analysis
This is a very important tool to check your work
Its also very easy!

Example:

Doing a problem you get the answer distance

d = vt 2 (velocity x time2)
Units on left side = L
Units on right side = L / T x T2 = L x T
Left units and right units dont match, so answer

must be wrong!!

d
P

2
d
P

gg

Dimensional Analysis

The period P of a swinging pendulum depends

only on the length of the pendulum d and the

acceleration of gravity g.
Which of the following formulas for P could
be correct ?
(a)

P = 2 (dg)

(b)

(c)

2
4
L
L
P

T
2

T
d
d
2
P

2
g
dg gP

Solution

Realize that the left hand side P has units of time (T )

Try the first equation

(a)

(a)

Not Right !!

(b)

(c)

L
2

2
d
d
2
P

2
g
P

dg gP

Solution

Try the second equation

(b)

(a)

Not Right !!

(b)

(c)

L
2

2
T
d
d
2
P

2
g
P

dg gP

Solution

Try the third equation

(c)

This has the correct units!!

This must be the answer!!

(a)

(b)

(c)

Vectors...

A
A

There are two common ways of

indicating that something is a vector

quantity:
Boldface notation: A

A=

Arrow notation:

Vectors...

rx2y2

The magnitude (length) of r is found

using the Pythagorean theorem:

r

y
x

The length of a vector clearly does not depend on its direction.

Unit Vectors:
A Unit Vector is a vector having length

1 and no units
It is used to specify a direction
Unit vector u points in the direction of
U
Often denoted with a hat: u =

Useful examples are the Cartesian

unit vectors [ i, j, k ]
point in the direction of the
x, y and z axes

Vector addition:

Consider the vectors A and B.

Find A + B ?
A

C=A+B

C2 = A2 + B2 + 2AB cos

We can arrange the vectors as we want, as long as we

maintain their length and direction!!

Vector addition using

components:
Consider C = A + B.

C = (Ax i + Ay j) + (Bx i + By j)
= (Ax + Bx)i + (Ay + By)j
= (Cx i + Cy j)
Comparing components of (a) and
Cx = A x + B x
Cy = Ay + By

C
(b):

B
A Ay Bx

Ax

By

Vector substract:

Consider the vectors A and B.

Find A - B ?
A B = A + (-B)
-B

-B

D=A+B
B

C2 = A2 + B2 - 2AB cos

We can arrange the vectors as we want, as long as we

maintain their length and direction!!

VECTOR PRODUCT
DOT PRODUCT = SCALAR
CROSS PRODUCT = VECTOR

DOT PRODUCT

ii=jj=kk=1
ij=jk=ki=0
Consider the vectors A and B.
Find A B ?

A B = (Ax i + Ay j) (Bx i + By j) = Ax Bx+ Ay By

A B = A B cos

CROSS
PRODUCT

ii=jj=kk=0
i j = k
i k = - j
Consider the vectors A and B.
k
Find A x B ?
z

j
i

C=AxB
= (Ax i + Ay j) x(Bx i + By j) = (Ax By - Ay Bx) k
C = A B sin

PR, dikumpul tgl 26-82015

1. Nyatakan laju cahaya 3 x 108 m/s dalam (a)
kaki/nanosekon dan (b) dalam
milimeter/pikosekon
a 4i 3j k
j 4k diberikan sebagai
b i vektor
2. Dua buah
. Tentukan
(a) a dan
b, (b) a b dan (c) vektor
c agar a b c 0

3. Sebuah partikel mengalami tiga kali

pergeseran berturut-turut dalam sebuah

bidang datar sbb.: 4,0 m ke barat-daya, 5,0
m ke timur dan 6,0 m dalam arah 60 ke
utara dari timur. Tentukan (a) komponen
masing-masing pergeseran, (b) komponen
peregeseran resultan, (c) besar dan arah
pergeseran resultan, dan (d) pergeseran
untuk mengembalikan partikel tersebut ke
titik asalnya.

4. Diberikan tiga buah vektor:

a 3i 3j - 2k, b i - 4j 2k, dan c 2i 2j k

Hitunglah :
(a) a . (b x c)
(b) a . (b c)
(c) a x (b c)